Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Biomarkers of Esophageal Cancers and Precancerous Lesions

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Inflammation, Infection, and Microbiome in Cancers

Part of the book series: Physiology in Health and Disease ((PIHD))

  • 674 Accesses

Abstract

Esophageal cancer is one of most deadly cancers worldwide although the two subtypes differ in their geographical distribution and natural history. The challenge is to intercept the disease in its premalignant stages to improve the curative effect and survival rate. To this end, most efforts have been focused on finding biomarkers for early diagnosis and early treatment of esophageal cancer. In this chapter, we reviewed biomarkers of esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions that have already been in clinical application as well as those that are in different stages of discovery and validation. In addition, we briefly introduce the microbiome and other less conventional biomarkers of esophageal cancers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

AOL:

Aspergillus oryzae lectin

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

BE:

Barrett’s epithelium

CA:

Carcinoma

cfDNA:

Circulating cell-free DNA

CISH:

Chromogenic in situ hybridization

CTC:

Circulating tumor cells

EAC:

Esophageal adenocarcinoma

EC:

Esophageal cancer

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

ESCC:

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

GCA:

Gastric cardia adenocarcinoma

GEJ:

Gastroesophageal junction

GERD:

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

GI:

Gastrointestinal

HER2:

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2

HGD:

High-grade dysplasia

IHC:

Immunohistochemistry

KEGG:

Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes

LGD:

Low-grade dysplasia

LncRNA:

Long non-coding ribonucleic acid

LOH:

Loss of heterozygosity

MSI:

Microsatellite instability

NE:

Normal esophagus

OCCAMS:

Oesophageal Cancer Clinical and Molecular Stratification

ORR:

Objective response rate

OS:

Overall survival

PD-1:

Programmed cell death receptor 1

PD-L1/PD-L2:

Programmed cell death receptor ligand 1 and 2

SCNA:

Somatic copy number alterations

TCGA:

The Cancer Genome Atlas

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

VEGFR:

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor

VOC:

Volatile organic compounds

References

  • Abreu MT, Peek RM Jr (2014) Gastrointestinal malignancy and the microbiome. Gastroenterology 146(6):1534–1546. e1533

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Abu-Farsakh AL, Wu T, Zhou Z (2017) Clincopathologic studies of PD-L1 expression on esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cells carcinoma. Mod Pathol 30(2):157

    Google Scholar 

  • Agarwal A, Polineni R, Hussein Z, Vigoda I, Bhagat TD, Bhattacharyya S, Maitra A, Verma A (2012) Role of epigenetic alterations in the pathogenesis of Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 5(5):382–396

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Agrawal N, Jiao Y, Bettegowda C, Hutfless SM, Wang Y, David S, Cheng Y, Twaddell WS, Latt NL, Shin EJ, Wang LD, Wang L, Yang W, Velculescu VE, Vogelstein B, Papadopoulos N, Kinzler KW, Meltzer SJ (2012) Comparative genomic analysis of esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Discov 2(10):899–905

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Akutsu Y, Murakami K, Kano M, Toyozumi T, Matsumoto Y, Takahashi M, Otsuka R, Sekino N, Yokoyama M, Shiraishi T, Matsubara H (2018) The concentration of programmed cell death-ligand 1 in the peripheral blood is a useful biomarker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Esophagus 15(2):103–108

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alvi MA, Liu X, O’Donovan M, Newton R, Wernisch L, Shannon NB, Shariff K, di Pietro M, Bergman JJ, Ragunath K, Fitzgerald RC (2013) DNA methylation as an adjunct to histopathology to detect prevalent, inconspicuous dysplasia and early-stage neoplasia in Barrett’s esophagus. Clin Cancer Res 19(4):878–888

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bajpai M, Kessel R, Bhagat T, Nischal S, Yu Y, Verma A, Das KM (2013) High resolution integrative analysis reveals widespread genetic and epigenetic changes after chronic in-vitro acid and bile exposure in Barrett’s epithelium cells. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 52(12):1123–1132

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bandla S, Pennathur A, Luketich JD, Beer DG, Lin L, Bass AJ, Godfrey TE, Litle VR (2012) Comparative genomics of esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg 93(4):1101–1106

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bandla S, Peters JH, Ruff D, Chen SM, Li CY, Song K, Thoms K, Litle VR, Watson T, Chapurin N, Lada M, Pennathur A, Luketich JD, Peterson D, Dulak A, Lin L, Bass A, Beer DG, Godfrey TE, Zhou Z (2014) Comparison of cancer-associated genetic abnormalities in columnar-lined esophagus tissues with and without goblet cells. Ann Surg 260(1):72–80

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bang YJ, Van Cutsem E, Feyereislova A, Chung HC, Shen L, Sawaki A, Lordick F, Ohtsu A, Omuro Y, Satoh T, Aprile G, Kulikov E, Hill J, Lehle M, Ruschoff J, Kang YK, G. A. T. I. To (2010) Trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (ToGA): a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 376(9742):687–697

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bardoli AD, Afshar M, Viney R, Foster M, Porfiri E, Zarkar A, Stevenson R, James ND, Bryan RT, Patel P (2016) The PD-1/PD-L1 axis in the pathogenesis of urothelial bladder cancer and evaluating its potential as a therapeutic target. Future Oncol 12(5):595–600

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bartel DP (2004) MicroRNAs. Cell 116(2):281–297

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bird-Lieberman EL, Dunn JM, Coleman HG, Lao-Sirieix P, Oukrif D, Moore CE, Varghese S, Johnston BT, Arthur K, McManus DT, Novelli MR, O’Donovan M, Cardwell CR, Lovat LB, Murray LJ, Fitzgerald RC (2012) Population-based study reveals new risk-stratification biomarker panel for Barrett’s esophagus. Gastroenterology 143(4):927–935. e923

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blackett KL, Siddhi SS, Cleary S, Steed H, Miller MH, Macfarlane S, Macfarlane GT, Dillon JF (2013) Oesophageal bacterial biofilm changes in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, Barrett’s and oesophageal carcinoma: association or causality? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 37(11):1084–1092

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bodor JN, Boumber Y, Borghaei H (2020) Biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Cancer 126(2):260–270

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bornschein J, Wernisch L, Secrier M, Miremadi A, Perner J, MacRae S, O’Donovan M, Newton R, Menon S, Bower L, Eldridge MD, Devonshire G, Cheah C, Turkington R, Hardwick RH, Selgrad M, Venerito M, Malfertheiner P, Consortium O, Fitzgerald RC (2019) Transcriptomic profiling reveals three molecular phenotypes of adenocarcinoma at the gastroesophageal junction. Int J Cancer 145(12):3389–3401

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Brien TP, Odze RD, Sheehan CE, McKenna BJ, Ross JS (2000) HER-2/neu gene amplification by FISH predicts poor survival in Barrett’s esophagus-associated adenocarcinoma. Hum Pathol 31(1):35–39

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bus P, Siersema PD, van Baal JW (2012) Cell culture models for studying the development of Barrett’s esophagus: a systematic review. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 35(3):149–161

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cancer Genome Atlas Research, N., U. Analysis Working Group: Asan, B. C. C. Agency, Brigham, H. Women’s, I. Broad, U. Brown, U. Case Western Reserve, I. Dana-Farber Cancer, U. Duke, C. Greater Poland Cancer, S. Harvard Medical, B. Institute for Systems, K. U. Leuven, C. Mayo, C. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, I. National Cancer, H. Nationwide Children’s, U. Stanford, A. University of, M. University of, C. University of North, P. University of, R. University of, C. University of Southern, M. D. A. C. C. University of Texas, W. University of, I. Van Andel Research, U. Vanderbilt, U. Washington, I. Genome Sequencing Center: Broad, L. Washington University in St, B. C. C. A. Genome Characterization Centers, I. Broad, S. Harvard Medical, U. Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, C. University of North, C. University of Southern California Epigenome, M. D. A. C. C. University of Texas, I. Van Andel Research, I. Genome Data Analysis Centers: Broad, U. Brown, S. Harvard Medical, B. Institute for Systems, C. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, C. University of California Santa, M. D. A. C. C. University of Texas, C. Biospecimen Core Resource: International Genomics, H. Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, S. Tissue Source Sites: Analytic Biologic, C. Asan Medical, B. Asterand, H. Barretos Cancer, BioreclamationIvt, C. Botkin Municipal, S. Chonnam National University Medical, S. Christiana Care Health, Cureline, U. Duke, U. Emory, U. Erasmus, M. Indiana University School of, M. Institute of Oncology of, C. International Genomics, Invidumed, H. Israelitisches Krankenhaus, M. Keimyung University School of, C. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, G. National Cancer Center, B. Ontario Tumour, C. Peter MacCallum Cancer, S. Pusan National University Medical, S. Ribeirao Preto Medical, H. St. Joseph’s, C. Medical, U. St. Petersburg Academic, B. Tayside Tissue, D. University of, C. University of Kansas Medical, M. University of, H. University of North Carolina at Chapel, M. University of Pittsburgh School of, M. D. A. C. C. University of Texas, U. Disease Working Group: Duke, C. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, I. National Cancer, M. D. A. C. C. University of Texas, M. Yonsei University College of, C. I. Data Coordination Center and H. Project Team: National Institutes of (2017) Integrated genomic characterization of oesophageal carcinoma. Nature 541(7636):169–175

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cavazzola LT, Rosa AR, Schirmer CC, Gurski RR, Telles JP, Mielke F, Meurer L, Edelweiss MI, Kruel CD (2009) Immunohistochemical evaluation for P53 and VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) is not prognostic for long term survival in end stage esophageal adenocarcinoma. Rev Col Bras Cir 36(1):24–34

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen M, Cai E, Huang J, Yu P, Li K (2012) Prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in patients with esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 21(7):1126–1134

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen D, Zhang Z, Mao C, Zhou Y, Yu L, Yin Y, Wu S, Mou X, Zhu Y (2014) ANRIL inhibits p15(INK4b) through the TGFbeta1 signaling pathway in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Immunol 289(1-2):91–96

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen MF, Chen PT, Chen WC, Lu MS, Lin PY, Lee KD (2016) The role of PD-L1 in the radiation response and prognosis for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma related to IL-6 and T-cell immunosuppression. Oncotarget 7(7):7913–7924

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chen S, Wang RX, Liu Y, Yang WT, Shao ZM (2017) PD-L1 expression of the residual tumor serves as a prognostic marker in local advanced breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Int J Cancer 140(6):1384–1395

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chettouh H, Mowforth O, Galeano-Dalmau N, Bezawada N, Ross-Innes C, MacRae S, Debiram-Beecham I, O’Donovan M, Fitzgerald RC (2018) Methylation panel is a diagnostic biomarker for Barrett’s oesophagus in endoscopic biopsies and non-endoscopic cytology specimens. Gut 67(11):1942–1949

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clark RJ, Craig MP, Agrawal S, Kadakia M (2018) microRNA involvement in the onset and progression of Barrett’s esophagus: a systematic review. Oncotarget 9(8):8179–8196

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cook MB, Kamangar F, Whiteman DC, Freedman ND, Gammon MD, Bernstein L, Brown LM, Risch HA, Ye W, Sharp L, Pandeya N, Webb PM, Wu AH, Ward MH, Giffen C, Casson AG, Abnet CC, Murray LJ, Corley DA, Nyren O, Vaughan TL, Chow WH (2010) Cigarette smoking and adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction: a pooled analysis from the international BEACON consortium. J Natl Cancer Inst 102(17):1344–1353

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Craig MP, Rajakaruna S, Paliy O, Sajjad M, Madhavan S, Reddy N, Zhang J, Bottomley M, Agrawal S, Kadakia MP (2020) Differential microRNA signatures in the pathogenesis of Barrett’s esophagus. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 11(1):e00125–e00125

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cristofanilli M, Budd GT, Ellis MJ, Stopeck A, Matera J, Miller MC, Reuben JM, Doyle GV, Allard WJ, Terstappen LW, Hayes DF (2004) Circulating tumor cells, disease progression, and survival in metastatic breast cancer. N Engl J Med 351(8):781–791

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Das KM, Kong Y, Bajpai M, Kulkarni D, Geng X, Mishra P, Banerjee D, Hirshfield K (2011) Transformation of benign Barrett’s epithelium by repeated acid and bile exposure over 65 weeks: a novel in vitro model. Int J Cancer 128(2):274–282

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Derks S, Nason KS, Liao X, Stachler MD, Liu KX, Liu JB, Sicinska E, Goldberg MS, Freeman GJ, Rodig SJ, Davison JM, Bass AJ (2015) Epithelial PD-L2 expression Marks Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Immunol Res 3(10):1123–1129

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • di Pietro M, Boerwinkel DF, Shariff MK, Liu X, Telakis E, Lao-Sirieix P, Walker E, Couch G, Mills L, Nuckcheddy-Grant T, Slininger S, O’Donovan M, Visser M, Meijer SL, Kaye PV, Wernisch L, Ragunath K, Bergman JJ, Fitzgerald RC (2015) The combination of autofluorescence endoscopy and molecular biomarkers is a novel diagnostic tool for dysplasia in Barrett’s oesophagus. Gut 64(1):49–56

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dilworth MP, Nieto T, Stockton JD, Whalley CM, Tee L, James JD, Noble F, Underwood TJ, Hallissey MT, Hejmadi R, Trudgill N, Tucker O, Beggs AD (2019) Whole genome methylation analysis of nondysplastic Barrett esophagus that progresses to invasive cancer. Ann Surg 269(3):479–485

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dislich B, Stein A, Seiler CA, Kroll D, Berezowska S, Zlobec I, Galvan J, Slotta-Huspenina J, Walch A, Langer R (2017) Expression patterns of programmed death-ligand 1 in esophageal adenocarcinomas: comparison between primary tumors and metastases. Cancer Immunol Immunother 66(6):777–786

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doi T, Piha-Paul SA, Jalal SI, Saraf S, Lunceford J, Koshiji M, Bennouna J (2018) Safety and antitumor activity of the anti-programmed death-1 antibody pembrolizumab in patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 36(1):61–67

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dong H, Strome SE, Salomao DR, Tamura H, Hirano F, Flies DB, Roche PC, Lu J, Zhu G, Tamada K, Lennon VA, Celis E, Chen L (2002) Tumor-associated B7-H1 promotes T-cell apoptosis: a potential mechanism of immune evasion. Nat Med 8(8):793–800

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dong L, Qi P, Xu MD, Ni SJ, Huang D, Xu QH, Weng WW, Tan C, Sheng WQ, Zhou XY, Du X (2015) Circulating CUDR, LSINCT-5 and PTENP1 long noncoding RNAs in sera distinguish patients with gastric cancer from healthy controls. Int J Cancer 137(5):1128–1135

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duffy MJ (2019) Circulating tumour DNA as a cancer biomarker. Ann Clin Biochem 56(1):42–48

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duits LC, Lao-Sirieix P, Wolf WA, O’Donovan M, Galeano-Dalmau N, Meijer SL, Offerhaus GJA, Redman J, Crawte J, Zeki S, Pouw RE, Chak A, Shaheen NJ, Bergman J, Fitzgerald RC (2019) A biomarker panel predicts progression of Barrett’s esophagus to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Dis Esophagus 32(1)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dulak AM, Stojanov P, Peng S, Lawrence MS, Fox C, Stewart C, Bandla S, Imamura Y, Schumacher SE, Shefler E, McKenna A, Carter SL, Cibulskis K, Sivachenko A, Saksena G, Voet D, Ramos AH, Auclair D, Thompson K, Sougnez C, Onofrio RC, Guiducci C, Beroukhim R, Zhou Z, Lin L, Lin J, Reddy R, Chang A, Landrenau R, Pennathur A, Ogino S, Luketich JD, Golub TR, Gabriel SB, Lander ES, Beer DG, Godfrey TE, Getz G, Bass AJ (2013) Exome and whole-genome sequencing of esophageal adenocarcinoma identifies recurrent driver events and mutational complexity. Nat Genet 45(5):478–486

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Eckstein M, Erben P, Kriegmair MC, Worst TS, Weiss CA, Wirtz RM, Wach S, Stoehr R, Sikic D, Geppert CI, Weyerer V, Bertz S, Breyer J, Otto W, Keck B, Burger M, Taubert H, Weichert W, Wullich B, Bolenz C, Hartmann A, Erlmeier F (2019) Performance of the Food and Drug Administration/EMA-approved programmed cell death ligand-1 assays in urothelial carcinoma with emphasis on therapy stratification for first-line use of atezolizumab and pembrolizumab. Eur J Cancer 106:234–243

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Egyud M, Tejani M, Pennathur A, Luketich J, Sridhar P, Yamada E, Stahlberg A, Filges S, Krzyzanowski P, Jackson J, Kalatskaya I, Jiao W, Nielsen G, Zhou Z, Litle V, Stein L, Godfrey T (2019) Detection of circulating tumor DNA in plasma: a potential biomarker for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg 108(2):343–349

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fan Y, Mao W (2017) Immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer: current status and future directions. Chin Clin Oncol 6(2):17

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fanelli GN, Gasparini P, Coati I, Cui R, Pakula H, Chowdhury B, Valeri N, Loupakis F, Kupcinskas J, Cappellesso R, Fassan M (2018) Long-noncoding RNAs in gastroesophageal cancers. Noncoding RNA Res 3(4):195–212

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fashoyin-Aje L, Donoghue M, Chen H, He K, Veeraraghavan J, Goldberg KB, Keegan P, McKee AE, Pazdur R (2019) FDA approval summary: pembrolizumab for recurrent locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma expressing PD-L1. Oncologist 24(1):103–109

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fassan M, Cavallin F, Guzzardo V, Kotsafti A, Scarpa M, Cagol M, Chiarion-Sileni V, Maria Saadeh L, Alfieri R, Castagliuolo I, Rugge M, Castoro C, Scarpa M (2019) PD-L1 expression, CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocyte rate are predictive of pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for squamous cell cancer of the thoracic esophagus. Cancer Med 8(13):6036–6048

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fehrenbacher L, Spira A, Ballinger M, Kowanetz M, Vansteenkiste J, Mazieres J, Park K, Smith D, Artal-Cortes A, Lewanski C, Braiteh F, Waterkamp D, He P, Zou W, Chen DS, Yi J, Sandler A, Rittmeyer A, P. S. Group (2016) Atezolizumab versus docetaxel for patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (POPLAR): a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 randomised controlled trial. Lancet 387(10030):1837–1846

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fraher MH, O’Toole PW, Quigley EM (2012) Techniques used to characterize the gut microbiota: a guide for the clinician. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 9(6):312–322

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fuchs CS, Tomasek J, Yong CJ, Dumitru F, Passalacqua R, Goswami C, Safran H, Dos Santos LV, Aprile G, Ferry DR, Melichar B, Tehfe M, Topuzov E, Zalcberg JR, Chau I, Campbell W, Sivanandan C, Pikiel J, Koshiji M, Hsu Y, Liepa AM, Gao L, Schwartz JD, Tabernero J, Investigators RT (2014) Ramucirumab monotherapy for previously treated advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (REGARD): an international, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 383(9911):31–39

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fuchs CS, Doi T, Jang RW, Muro K, Satoh T, Machado M, Sun W, Jalal SI, Shah MA, Metges JP, Garrido M, Golan T, Mandala M, Wainberg ZA, Catenacci DV, Ohtsu A, Shitara K, Geva R, Bleeker J, Ko AH, Ku G, Philip P, Enzinger PC, Bang YJ, Levitan D, Wang J, Rosales M, Dalal RP, Yoon HH (2018) Safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab monotherapy in patients with previously treated advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer: phase 2 clinical KEYNOTE-059 trial. JAMA Oncol 4(5):e180013

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fukuoka E, Yamashita K, Tanaka T, Sawada R, Sugita Y, Arimoto A, Fujita M, Takiguchi G, Matsuda T, Oshikiri T, Nakamura T, Suzuki S, Kakeji Y (2019) Neoadjuvant chemotherapy increases PD-L1 expression and CD8(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Anticancer Res 39(8):4539–4548

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gaibar M, Beltran L, Romero-Lorca A, Fernandez-Santander A, Novillo A (2020) Somatic mutations in HER2 and implications for current treatment paradigms in HER2-positive breast cancer. J Oncol 2020:6375956

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gall A, Fero J, McCoy C, Claywell BC, Sanchez CA, Blount PL, Li X, Vaughan TL, Matsen FA, Reid BJ, Salama NR (2015) Bacterial composition of the human upper gastrointestinal tract microbiome is dynamic and associated with genomic instability in a Barrett’s esophagus cohort. PLoS One 10(6):e0129055

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gao Y-B, Chen Z-L, Li J-G, Hu X-D, Shi X-J, Sun Z-M, Zhang F, Zhao Z-R, Li Z-T, Liu Z-Y, Zhao Y-D, Sun J, Zhou C-C, Yao R, Wang S-Y, Wang P, Sun N, Zhang B-H, Dong J-S, Yu Y, Luo M, Feng X-L, Shi S-S, Zhou F, Tan F-W, Qiu B, Li N, Shao K, Zhang L-J, Zhang L-J, Xue Q, Gao S-G, He J (2014a) Genetic landscape of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Nature Genetics 46(10):1097–1102

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gao YB, Chen ZL, Li JG, Hu XD, Shi XJ, Sun ZM, Zhang F, Zhao ZR, Li ZT, Liu ZY, Zhao YD, Sun J, Zhou CC, Yao R, Wang SY, Wang P, Sun N, Zhang BH, Dong JS, Yu Y, Luo M, Feng XL, Shi SS, Zhou F, Tan FW, Qiu B, Li N, Shao K, Zhang LJ, Zhang LJ, Xue Q, Gao SG, He J (2014b) Genetic landscape of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Genet 46(10):1097–1102

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garon EB, Abarca PA, Strunck JL, Nameth D, Neumann C, Wolf B, Kim KY, Marx C, Elashoff RM (2015) Clinical trials in non-small cell lung cancer with biomarker-driven treatment allocation: ready or not, here we come. Crit Rev Oncog 20(5-6):339–347

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ge XS, Ma HJ, Zheng XH, Ruan HL, Liao XY, Xue WQ, Chen YB, Zhang Y, Jia WH (2013) HOTAIR, a prognostic factor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, inhibits WIF-1 expression and activates Wnt pathway. Cancer Sci 104(12):1675–1682

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gennen K, Kasmann L, Taugner J, Eze C, Karin M, Roengvoraphoj O, Neumann J, Tufman A, Orth M, Reu S, Belka C, Manapov F (2020) Prognostic value of PD-L1 expression on tumor cells combined with CD8+ TIL density in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Radiat Oncol 15(1):5

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gettinger S, Rizvi NA, Chow LQ, Borghaei H, Brahmer J, Ready N, Gerber DE, Shepherd FA, Antonia S, Goldman JW, Juergens RA, Laurie SA, Nathan FE, Shen Y, Harbison CT, Hellmann MD (2016) Nivolumab monotherapy for first-line treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 34(25):2980–2987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Goh XY, Rees JRE, Paterson AL, Chin SF, Marioni JC, Save V, O’Donovan M, Eijk PP, Alderson D, Ylstra B, Caldas C, Fitzgerald RC (2011) Integrative analysis of array-comparative genomic hybridisation and matched gene expression profiling data reveals novel genes with prognostic significance in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Gut 60(10):1317–1326

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goossens N, Nakagawa S, Sun X, Hoshida Y (2015) Cancer biomarker discovery and validation. Transl Cancer Res 4(3):256–269

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guo W, Wang P, Li N, Shao F, Zhang H, Yang Z, Li R, Gao Y, He J (2018a) Prognostic value of PD-L1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 9(17):13920–13933

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guo X, Tang Y, Zhu W (2018b) Distinct esophageal adenocarcinoma molecular subtype has subtype-specific gene expression and mutation patterns. BMC Genomics 19(1):769

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Guo W, Zhang F, Shao F, Wang P, Li Z, Yang X, He Z, Shi S, Gao Y, He J (2019) PD-L1 expression on tumor cells associated with favorable prognosis in surgically resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Hum Pathol 84:291–298

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta RA, Shah N, Wang KC, Kim J, Horlings HM, Wong DJ, Tsai MC, Hung T, Argani P, Rinn JL, Wang Y, Brzoska P, Kong B, Li R, West RB, van de Vijver MJ, Sukumar S, Chang HY (2010) Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR reprograms chromatin state to promote cancer metastasis. Nature 464(7291):1071–1076

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hammoud ZT, Badve S, Zhao Q, Li L, Saxena R, Thorat MA, Morimiya A, Rieger KM, Kesler KA (2009) Differential gene expression profiling of esophageal adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 137(4):829–834

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hellmann MD, Rizvi NA, Goldman JW, Gettinger SN, Borghaei H, Brahmer JR, Ready NE, Gerber DE, Chow LQ, Juergens RA, Shepherd FA, Laurie SA, Geese WJ, Agrawal S, Young TC, Li X, Antonia SJ (2017) Nivolumab plus ipilimumab as first-line treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (CheckMate 012): results of an open-label, phase 1, multicohort study. Lancet Oncol 18(1):31–41

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herbst RS, Baas P, Kim DW, Felip E, Perez-Gracia JL, Han JY, Molina J, Kim JH, Arvis CD, Ahn MJ, Majem M, Fidler MJ, de Castro G Jr, Garrido M, Lubiniecki GM, Shentu Y, Im E, Dolled-Filhart M, Garon EB (2016) Pembrolizumab versus docetaxel for previously treated, PD-L1-positive, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (KEYNOTE-010): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 387(10027):1540–1550

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hirajima S, Komatsu S, Ichikawa D, Takeshita H, Konishi H, Shiozaki A, Morimura R, Tsujiura M, Nagata H, Kawaguchi T, Arita T, Kubota T, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Otsuji E (2013) Clinical impact of circulating miR-18a in plasma of patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 108(9):1822–1829

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Horvath B, Singh P, Xie H, Thota PN, Sun X, Liu X (2016) Expression of p53 predicts risk of prevalent and incident advanced neoplasia in patients with Barrett’s esophagus and epithelial changes indefinite for dysplasia. Gastroenterol Rep 4(4):304–309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hsieh CC, Hsu HS, Li AF, Chen YJ (2018) Clinical relevance of PD-L1 and PD-L2 overexpression in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Thorac Dis 10(7):4433–4444

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hu Y, Bandla S, Godfrey TE, Tan D, Luketich JD, Pennathur A, Qiu X, Hicks DG, Peters JH, Zhou Z (2011) HER2 amplification, overexpression and score criteria in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Mod Pathol 24(7):899–907

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hua C, Boussemart L, Mateus C, Routier E, Boutros C, Cazenave H, Viollet R, Thomas M, Roy S, Benannoune N, Tomasic G, Soria JC, Champiat S, Texier M, Lanoy E, Robert C (2016) Association of vitiligo with tumor response in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with pembrolizumab. JAMA Dermatol 152(1):45–51

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hudis CA (2007) Trastuzumab—mechanism of action and use in clinical practice. N Engl J Med 357(1):39–51

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Iqbal N, Iqbal N (2014) Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in cancers: overexpression and therapeutic implications. Mol Biol Int 2014:852748

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ito M, Kanno S, Nosho K, Sukawa Y, Mitsuhashi K, Kurihara H, Igarashi H, Takahashi T, Tachibana M, Takahashi H, Yoshii S, Takenouchi T, Hasegawa T, Okita K, Hirata K, Maruyama R, Suzuki H, Imai K, Yamamoto H, Shinomura Y (2015) Association of fusobacterium nucleatum with clinical and molecular features in colorectal serrated pathway. Int J Cancer 137(6):1258–1268

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ito S, Okano S, Morita M, Saeki H, Tsutsumi S, Tsukihara H, Nakashima Y, Ando K, Imamura Y, Ohgaki K, Oki E, Kitao H, Mimori K, Maehara Y (2016) Expression of PD-L1 and HLA class I in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: prognostic factors for patient outcome. Ann Surg Oncol 23(Suppl 4):508–515

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jammula S, Katz-Summercorn AC, Li X, Linossi C, Smyth E, Killcoyne S, Biasci D, Subash VV, Abbas S, Blasko A, Devonshire G, Grantham A, Wronowski F, O’Donovan M, Grehan N, Eldridge MD, Tavare S, C. Oesophageal Cancer, c. Molecular Stratification, Fitzgerald RC (2020) Identification of subtypes of Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma based on DNA methylation profiles and integration of transcriptome and genome data. Gastroenterology 158(6):1682–1697

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Janjigian YY, Bendell J, Calvo E, Kim JW, Ascierto PA, Sharma P, Ott PA, Peltola K, Jaeger D, Evans J, de Braud F, Chau I, Harbison CT, Dorange C, Tschaika M, Le DT (2018) CheckMate-032 study: efficacy and safety of nivolumab and nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with metastatic esophagogastric cancer. J Clin Oncol 36(28):2836–2844

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jesinghaus M, Steiger K, Slotta-Huspenina J, Drecoll E, Pfarr N, Meyer P, Konukiewitz B, Bettstetter M, Wieczorek K, Ott K, Feith M, Langer R, Weichert W, Specht K, Boxberg M (2017) Increased intraepithelial CD3+ T-lymphocytes and high PD-L1 expression on tumor cells are associated with a favorable prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and allow prognostic immunogenic subgrouping. Oncotarget 8(29):46756–46768

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang M, Li H, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Lu R, Liu K, Lin S, Lan X, Wang H, Wu H, Zhu J, Zhou Z, Xu J, Lee DK, Zhang L, Lee YC, Yuan J, Abrams JA, Wang TC, Sepulveda AR, Wu Q, Chen H, Sun X, She J, Chen X, Que J (2017a) Transitional basal cells at the squamous-columnar junction generate Barrett’s oesophagus. Nature 550(7677):529–533

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang Y, Lo AWI, Wong A, Chen W, Wang Y, Lin L, Xu J (2017b) Prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and PD-L1 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 8(18):30175–30189

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang C, Zhu Y, Tang S, Zhang G, Lin Q, Xu Y, Shang J (2019) High PD-L1 expression is associated with a favorable prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy. Oncol Lett 17(2):1626–1634

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jin Z, Cheng Y, Gu W, Zheng Y, Sato F, Mori Y, Olaru AV, Paun BC, Yang J, Kan T, Ito T, Hamilton JP, Selaru FM, Agarwal R, David S, Abraham JM, Wolfsen HC, Wallace MB, Shaheen NJ, Washington K, Wang J, Canto MI, Bhattacharyya A, Nelson MA, Wagner PD, Romero Y, Wang KK, Feng Z, Sampliner RE, Meltzer SJ (2009) A multicenter, double-blinded validation study of methylation biomarkers for progression prediction in Barrett’s esophagus. Cancer Res 69(10):4112–4115

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Junker JP, van Oudenaarden A (2014) Every cell is special: genome-wide studies add a new dimension to single-cell biology. Cell 157(1):8–11

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kalatskaya I (2016) Overview of major molecular alterations during progression from Barrett’s esophagus to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Ann NY Acad Sci 1381(1):74–91

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kang YK, Boku N, Satoh T, Ryu MH, Chao Y, Kato K, Chung HC, Chen JS, Muro K, Kang WK, Yeh KH, Yoshikawa T, Oh SC, Bai LY, Tamura T, Lee KW, Hamamoto Y, Kim JG, Chin K, Oh DY, Minashi K, Cho JY, Tsuda M, Chen LT (2017) Nivolumab in patients with advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer refractory to, or intolerant of, at least two previous chemotherapy regimens (ONO-4538-12, ATTRACTION-2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 390(10111):2461–2471

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kang M, Ren M, Li Y, Fu Y, Deng M, Li C (2018) Exosome-mediated transfer of lncRNA PART1 induces gefitinib resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via functioning as a competing endogenous RNA. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 37(1):171

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kapoor H, Lohani KR, Lee TH, Agrawal DK, Mittal SK (2015) Animal models of Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma-past, present, and future. Clin Transl Sci 8(6):841–847

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kato K, Shah MA, Enzinger P, Bennouna J, Shen L, Adenis A, Sun JM, Cho BC, Ozguroglu M, Kojima T, Kostorov V, Hierro C, Zhu Y, McLean LA, Shah S, Doi T (2019) KEYNOTE-590: phase III study of first-line chemotherapy with or without pembrolizumab for advanced esophageal cancer. Future Oncol 15(10):1057–1066

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Katoh O, Tauchi H, Kawaishi K, Kimura A, Satow Y (1995) Expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor gene, KDR, in hematopoietic cells and inhibitory effect of VEGF on apoptotic cell death caused by ionizing radiation. Cancer Res 55(23):5687–5692

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Katsuya Y, Horinouchi H, Asao T, Kitahara S, Goto Y, Kanda S, Fujiwara Y, Nokihara H, Yamamoto N, Watanabe S, Tsuta K, Ohe Y (2016) Expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) in thymic epithelial tumors: impact on treatment efficacy and alteration in expression after chemotherapy. Lung Cancer 99:4–10

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Katzka DA, Fitzgerald RC (2020) Time to challenge current strategies for detection of Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 65(1):18–21

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaye PV, Ilyas M, Soomro I, Haider SA, Atwal G, Menon S, Gill S, Richards C, Harrison R, West K, Ragunath K (2016) Dysplasia in Barrett’s oesophagus: p53 immunostaining is more reproducible than haematoxylin and eosin diagnosis and improves overall reliability, while grading is poorly reproducible. Histopathology 69(3):431–440

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaz AM, Wong C-J, Luo Y, Virgin JB, Washington MK, Willis JE, Leidner RS, Chak A, Grady WM (2011) DNA methylation profiling in Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma reveals unique methylation signatures and molecular subclasses. Epigenetics 6(12):1403–1412

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kaz AM, Grady WM, Stachler MD, Bass AJ (2015) Genetic and epigenetic alterations in Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 44(2):473–489

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kaz AM, Wong C-J, Varadan V, Willis JE, Chak A, Grady WM (2016) Global DNA methylation patterns in Barrett’s esophagus, dysplastic Barrett’s, and esophageal adenocarcinoma are associated with BMI, gender, and tobacco use. Clin Epigenet 8:111–111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly RJ (2019) Emerging multimodality approaches to treat localized esophageal cancer. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 17(8):1009–1014

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim SM, Park Y-Y, Park ES, Cho JY, Izzo JG, Zhang D, Kim S-B, Lee JH, Bhutani MS, Swisher SG, Wu X, Coombes KR, Maru D, Wang KK, Buttar NS, Ajani JA, Lee J-S (2010) Prognostic biomarkers for esophageal adenocarcinoma identified by analysis of tumor transcriptome. PLoS One 5(11):e15074–e15074

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Konno-Kumagai T, Fujishima F, Nakamura Y, Nakano T, Nagai T, Kamei T, Sasano H (2019) Programmed death-1 ligands and tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes in primary and lymph node metastasis of esophageal cancer patients. Dis Esophagus 32(3)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kosovec JE, Zaidi AH, Pounardjian TS, Jobe BA (2018) The potential clinical utility of circulating tumor DNA in esophageal adenocarcinoma: from early detection to therapy. Front Oncol 8:610

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kozlowski M, Naumnik W, Niklinski J, Milewski R, Dziegielewski P, Laudanski J (2011) Vascular endothelial growth factor C and D expression correlates with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with resected esophageal cancer. Neoplasma 58(4):311–319

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kudo M (2017) Immune checkpoint inhibition in hepatocellular carcinoma: basics and ongoing clinical trials. Oncology 92(Suppl 1):50–62

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Huang J, Abbassi-Ghadi N, Mackenzie HA, Veselkov KA, Hoare JM, Lovat LB, Spanel P, Smith D, Hanna GB (2015) Mass spectrometric analysis of exhaled breath for the identification of volatile organic compound biomarkers in esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg 262(6):981–990

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lagarde SM, Ver Loren van Themaat PE, Moerland PD, Gilhuijs-Pederson LA, Ten Kate FJ, Reitsma PH, van Kampen AH, Zwinderman AH, Baas F, van Lanschot JJ (2008) Analysis of gene expression identifies differentially expressed genes and pathways associated with lymphatic dissemination in patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Ann Surg Oncol 15(12):3459–3470

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lagergren J, Lagergren P (2013) Recent developments in esophageal adenocarcinoma. CA Cancer J Clin 63(4):232–248

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lagergren K, Lindam A, Lagergren J (2013) Dietary proportions of carbohydrates, fat, and protein and risk of oesophageal cancer by histological type. PLoS One 8(1):e54913

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lam KO, Lo AWI, Choi HCW, Issac H, Law BTT, Chan WL, Lee VHF, Him ST, Chiang CL, Chan SY, Tong DKH, Kwong DLW, Law SYK (2017) PD-L1 hotspot in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of radically treated esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: pattern of recurrence and long-term clinical outcomes. Ann Oncol 28(Suppl 3):iii2–iii3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leng C, Li Y, Qin J, Ma J, Liu X, Cui Y, Sun H, Wang Z, Hua X, Yu Y, Li H, Zhang J, Zheng Y, Wang W, Zhu J, Wang Q (2016) Relationship between expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and the antitumor effects of CD8(+) T cells. Oncol Rep 35(2):699–708

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Francies HE, Secrier M, Perner J, Miremadi A, Galeano-Dalmau N, Barendt WJ, Letchford L, Leyden GM, Goffin EK, Barthorpe A, Lightfoot H, Chen E, Gilbert J, Noorani A, Devonshire G, Bower L, Grantham A, MacRae S, Grehan N, Wedge DC, Fitzgerald RC, Garnett MJ (2018) Organoid cultures recapitulate esophageal adenocarcinoma heterogeneity providing a model for clonality studies and precision therapeutics. Nat Commun 9(1):2983

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lim JS, Soo RA (2016) Nivolumab in the treatment of metastatic squamous non-small cell lung cancer: a review of the evidence. Ther Adv Respir Dis 10(5):444–454

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Loos M, Langer R, Schuster T, Gertler R, Walch A, Rauser S, Friess H, Feith M (2011) Clinical significance of the costimulatory molecule B7-H1 in Barrett carcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg 91(4):1025–1031

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lu P, Qiao J, He W, Wang J, Jia Y, Sun Y, Tang S, Fu L, Qin Y (2014) Genome-wide gene expression profile analyses identify CTTN as a potential prognostic marker in esophageal cancer. PLoS One 9(2):e88918

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu T, Chen D, Wang Y, Sun X, Li S, Miao S, Wo Y, Dong Y, Leng X, Du W, Jiao W (2019) Identification of DNA methylation-driven genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a study based on the cancer genome Atlas. Cancer Cell Int 19:52–52

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Luthra R, Wu T-T, Luthra MG, Izzo J, Lopez-Alvarez E, Zhang L, Bailey J, Lee JH, Bresalier R, Rashid A, Swisher SG, Ajani JA (2006) Gene expression profiling of localized esophageal carcinomas: association with pathologic response to preoperative chemoradiation. J Clin Oncol 24(2):259–267

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maher SG, Gillham CM, Duggan SP, Smyth PC, Miller N, Muldoon C, OʼByrne KJ, Sheils OM, Hollywood D, Reynolds JV (2009) Gene expression analysis of diagnostic biopsies predicts pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy of esophageal cancer. Ann Surg 250(5):729–737

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mallick R, Patnaik SK, Wani S, Bansal A (2016) A systematic review of esophageal microRNA markers for diagnosis and monitoring of Barrett’s esophagus. Dig Dis Sci 61(4):1039–1050

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Metges J, Francois E, Shah M, Adenis A, Enzinger P, Kojima T, Muro K, Bennouna J, Hsu C, Moriwaki T, Kim S, Lee S, Kato K, Shen L, Qin S, Ferreira P, Wang R, Bhagia P, Kang S, Doi T (2019) The phase 3 KEYNOTE-181 study: pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy as second-line therapy for advanced esophageal cancer. Ann Oncol 30

    Google Scholar 

  • Minacapelli CD, Bajpai M, Geng X, Cheng CL, Chouthai AA, Souza R, Spechler SJ, Das KM (2017) Barrett’s metaplasia develops from cellular reprograming of esophageal squamous epithelium due to gastroesophageal reflux. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 312(6):G615–G622

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Motoori M, Takemasa I, Yamasaki M, Komori T, Takeno A, Miyata H, Takiguchi S, Fujiwara Y, Yasuda T, Yano M, Matsuura N, Matsubara K, Monden M, Mori M, Doki Y (2010) Prediction of the response to chemotherapy in advanced esophageal cancer by gene expression profiling of biopsy samples. Int J Oncol 37(5):1113–1120

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nair DV, Reddy AG (2016) Laboratory animal models for esophageal cancer. Vet World 9(11):1229–1232

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ng HY, Li J, Tao L, Lam AK, Chan KW, Ko JMY, Yu VZ, Wong M, Li B, Lung ML (2018) Chemotherapeutic treatments increase PD-L1 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through EGFR/ERK activation. Transl Oncol 11(6):1323–1333

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Njei B, McCarty TR, Birk JW (2016) Trends in esophageal cancer survival in United States adults from 1973 to 2009: a SEER database analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 31(6):1141–1146

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ohigashi Y, Sho M, Yamada Y, Tsurui Y, Hamada K, Ikeda N, Mizuno T, Yoriki R, Kashizuka H, Yane K, Tsushima F, Otsuki N, Yagita H, Azuma M, Nakajima Y (2005) Clinical significance of programmed death-1 ligand-1 and programmed death-1 ligand-2 expression in human esophageal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 11(8):2947–2953

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Palle J, Rochand A, Pernot S, Gallois C, Taieb J, Zaanan A (2020) Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in advanced gastric cancer: current knowledge and future perspectives. Drugs 80(4):401–415

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parasa S, Vennalaganti S, Gaddam S, Vennalaganti P, Young P, Gupta N, Thota P, Cash B, Mathur S, Sampliner R, Moawad F, Lieberman D, Bansal A, Kennedy KF, Vargo J, Falk G, Spaander M, Bruno M, Sharma P (2018) Development and validation of a model to determine risk of progression of Barrett’s esophagus to neoplasia. Gastroenterology 154(5):1282–1289. e1282

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pectasides E, Stachler MD, Derks S, Liu Y, Maron S, Islam M, Alpert L, Kwak H, Kindler H, Polite B, Sharma MR, Allen K, O’Day E, Lomnicki S, Maranto M, Kanteti R, Fitzpatrick C, Weber C, Setia N, Xiao SY, Hart J, Nagy RJ, Kim KM, Choi MG, Min BH, Nason KS, O’Keefe L, Watanabe M, Baba H, Lanman R, Agoston AT, Oh DJ, Dunford A, Thorner AR, Ducar MD, Wollison BM, Coleman HA, Ji Y, Posner MC, Roggin K, Turaga K, Chang P, Hogarth K, Siddiqui U, Gelrud A, Ha G, Freeman SS, Rhoades J, Reed S, Gydush G, Rotem D, Davison J, Imamura Y, Adalsteinsson V, Lee J, Bass AJ, Catenacci DV (2018) Genomic heterogeneity as a barrier to precision medicine in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Discov 8(1):37–48

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pei Z, Bini EJ, Yang L, Zhou M, Francois F, Blaser MJ (2004) Bacterial biota in the human distal esophagus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101(12):4250–4255

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Peters CJ, Rees JRE, Hardwick RH, Hardwick JS, Vowler SL, Ong CAJ, Zhang C, Save V, O’Donovan M, Rassl D, Alderson D, Caldas C, Fitzgerald RC (2010) A 4-gene signature predicts survival of patients with resected adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, junction, and gastric cardia. Gastroenterology 139(6):1995–2004.e1915

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips BE, Tubbs RR, Rice TW, Rybicki LA, Plesec T, Rodriguez CP, Videtic GM, Saxton JP, Ives DI, Adelstein DJ (2013) Clinicopathologic features and treatment outcomes of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction. Dis Esophagus 26(3):299–304

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Plum PS, Gebauer F, Kramer M, Alakus H, Berlth F, Chon SH, Schiffmann L, Zander T, Buttner R, Holscher AH, Bruns CJ, Quaas A, Loeser H (2019) HER2/neu (ERBB2) expression and gene amplification correlates with better survival in esophageal adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 19(1):38

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pohl H, Sirovich B, Welch HG (2010) Esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence: are we reaching the peak? Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 19(6):1468–1470

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Polk DB, Peek RM Jr (2010) Helicobacter pylori: gastric cancer and beyond. Nat Rev Cancer 10(6):403–414

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Press MF, Ellis CE, Gagnon RC, Grob TJ, Buyse M, Villalobos I, Liang Z, Wu S, Bang YJ, Qin SK, Chung HC, Xu J, Park JO, Jeziorski K, Afenjar K, Ma Y, Estrada MC, Robinson DM, Scherer SJ, Sauter G, Hecht JR, Slamon DJ (2017) HER2 status in advanced or metastatic gastric, esophageal, or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma for entry to the TRIO-013/LOGiC trial of Lapatinib. Mol Cancer Ther 16(1):228–238

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Qiao G-L, Qi W-X, Jiang W-H, Chen Y, Ma L-J (2016) Prognostic significance of circulating tumor cells in esophageal carcinoma: a meta-analysis. OncoTargets Therapy 9:1889–1897

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Qu HX, Zhao LP, Zhan SH, Geng CX, Xu L, Xin YN, Jiang XJ (2016) Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis. J Thorac Dis 8(11):3197–3204

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rao S, Welsh L, Cunningham D, te-Poele RH, Benson M, Norman A, Saffery C, Giddings I, Workman P, Clarke PA (2011) Correlation of overall survival with gene expression profiles in a prospective study of resectable esophageal cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 10(1):48–56

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reichelt U, Duesedau P, Tsourlakis M, Quaas A, Link BC, Schurr PG, Kaifi JT, Gros SJ, Yekebas EF, Marx A, Simon R, Izbicki JR, Sauter G (2007) Frequent homogeneous HER-2 amplification in primary and metastatic adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Mod Pathol 20(1):120–129

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ribas A, Hamid O, Daud A, Hodi FS, Wolchok JD, Kefford R, Joshua AM, Patnaik A, Hwu WJ, Weber JS, Gangadhar TC, Hersey P, Dronca R, Joseph RW, Zarour H, Chmielowski B, Lawrence DP, Algazi A, Rizvi NA, Hoffner B, Mateus C, Gergich K, Lindia JA, Giannotti M, Li XN, Ebbinghaus S, Kang SP, Robert C (2016) Association of pembrolizumab with tumor response and survival among patients with advanced melanoma. JAMA 315(15):1600–1609

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rizvi NA, Hellmann MD, Brahmer JR, Juergens RA, Borghaei H, Gettinger S, Chow LQ, Gerber DE, Laurie SA, Goldman JW, Shepherd FA, Chen AC, Shen Y, Nathan FE, Harbison CT, Antonia S (2016) Nivolumab in combination with platinum-based doublet chemotherapy for first-line treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 34(25):2969–2979

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson KD (2005) DNA methylation and human disease. Nat Rev Genet 6(8):597–610

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rong L, Liu Y, Hui Z, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Wang B, Yuan Y, Li W, Guo L, Ying J, Song Y, Wang L, Zhou Z, Xue L, Lu N (2019) PD-L1 expression and its clinicopathological correlation in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a Chinese population. Diagn Pathol 14(1):6

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Roskoski R Jr (2019) Small molecule inhibitors targeting the EGFR/ErbB family of protein-tyrosine kinases in human cancers. Pharmacol Res 139:395–411

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rumiato E, Boldrin E, Malacrida S, Realdon S, Fassan M, Morbin T, Battaglia G, Amadori A, Rugge M, Saggioro D (2017) Detection of genetic alterations in cfDNA as a possible strategy to monitor the neoplastic progression of Barrett’s esophagus. Transl Res 190(16-24):e11

    Google Scholar 

  • Salem ME, Puccini A, Xiu J, Raghavan D, Lenz HJ, Korn WM, Shields AF, Philip PA, Marshall JL, Goldberg RM (2018) Comparative molecular analyses of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal adenocarcinoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma. Oncologist 23(11):1319–1327

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Schauer M, Janssen KP, Rimkus C, Raggi M, Feith M, Friess H, Theisen J (2010) Microarray-based response prediction in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 16(1):330–337

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schwabe RF, Jobin C (2013) The microbiome and cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 13(11):800–812

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Secrier M, Li X, de Silva N, Eldridge MD, Contino G, Bornschein J, MacRae S, Grehan N, O’Donovan M, Miremadi A, Yang TP, Bower L, Chettouh H, Crawte J, Galeano-Dalmau N, Grabowska A, Saunders J, Underwood T, Waddell N, Barbour AP, Nutzinger B, Achilleos A, Edwards PA, Lynch AG, Tavare S, Fitzgerald RC, Oesophageal Cancer C, Molecular Stratification C (2016) Mutational signatures in esophageal adenocarcinoma define etiologically distinct subgroups with therapeutic relevance. Nat Genet 48(10):1131–1141

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Shah MA, Kojima T, Hochhauser D, Enzinger P, Raimbourg J, Hollebecque A, Lordick F, Kim SB, Tajika M, Kim HT, Lockhart AC, Arkenau HT, El-Hajbi F, Gupta M, Pfeiffer P, Liu Q, Lunceford J, Kang SP, Bhagia P, Kato K (2019) Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab for heavily pretreated patients with advanced, metastatic adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: the phase 2 KEYNOTE-180 study. JAMA Oncol 5(4):546–550

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shitara K, Ozguroglu M, Bang YJ, Di Bartolomeo M, Mandala M, Ryu MH, Fornaro L, Olesinski T, Caglevic C, Chung HC, Muro K, Goekkurt E, Mansoor W, McDermott RS, Shacham-Shmueli E, Chen X, Mayo C, Kang SP, Ohtsu A, Fuchs CS, K.-. investigators (2018) Pembrolizumab versus paclitaxel for previously treated, advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (KEYNOTE-061): a randomised, open-label, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 392(10142):123–133

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sidaway P (2016) Bladder cancer: atezolizumab effective against advanced-stage disease. Nat Rev Urol 13(5):238

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Skacel M, Petras RE, Rybicki LA, Gramlich TL, Richter JE, Falk GW, Goldblum JR (2002) p53 expression in low grade dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus: correlation with interobserver agreement and disease progression. Am J Gastroenterol 97(10):2508–2513

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Skinner HD, Lee JH, Bhutani MS, Weston B, Hofstetter W, Komaki R, Shiozaki H, Wadhwa R, Sudo K, Elimova E, Song S, Ye Y, Huang M, Ajani J, Wu X (2014) A validated miRNA profile predicts response to therapy in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Cancer 120(23):3635–3641

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Snider EJ, Freedberg DE, Abrams JA (2016) Potential role of the microbiome in Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 61(8):2217–2225

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Subasinghe D, Acott N, Kumarasinghe MP (2018) Predictive marker: HER2 in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Methods Mol Biol 1756:119–134

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tamura R, Yoshihara K, Nakaoka H, Yachida N, Yamaguchi M, Suda K, Ishiguro T, Nishino K, Ichikawa H, Homma K, Kikuchi A, Ueda Y, Takei Y, Fujiwara H, Motoyama T, Okuda S, Wakai T, Inoue I, Enomoto T (2020) XCL1 expression correlates with CD8-positive T cells infiltration and PD-L1 expression in squamous cell carcinoma arising from mature cystic teratoma of the ovary. Oncogene 39:3541–3554

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Van Cutsem E, Bang YJ, Feng-Yi F, Xu JM, Lee KW, Jiao SC, Chong JL, Lopez-Sanchez RI, Price T, Gladkov O, Stoss O, Hill J, Ng V, Lehle M, Thomas M, Kiermaier A, Ruschoff J (2015) HER2 screening data from ToGA: targeting HER2 in gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer. Gastric Cancer 18(3):476–484

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van der Wel MJ, Duits LC, Pouw RE, Seldenrijk CA, Offerhaus GJA, Visser M, Ten Kate FJ, Biermann K, Brosens LAA, Doukas M, Huysentruyt C, Karrenbeld A, Kats-Ugurlu G, van der Laan JS, van Lijnschoten GI, Moll FCP, Ooms A, van der Valk H, Tijssen JG, Bergman JJ, Meijer SL (2018) Improved diagnostic stratification of digitised Barrett’s oesophagus biopsies by p53 immunohistochemical staining. Histopathology 72(6):1015–1023

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Visser E, Franken IA, Brosens LA, Ruurda JP, van Hillegersberg R (2017) Prognostic gene expression profiling in esophageal cancer: a systematic review. Oncotarget 8(3):5566–5577

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wallin JJ, Bendell JC, Funke R, Sznol M, Korski K, Jones S, Hernandez G, Mier J, He X, Hodi FS, Denker M, Leveque V, Canamero M, Babitski G, Koeppen H, Ziai J, Sharma N, Gaire F, Chen DS, Waterkamp D, Hegde PS, McDermott DF (2016) Atezolizumab in combination with bevacizumab enhances antigen-specific T-cell migration in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Nat Commun 7:12624

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wang L, Shan L, Zhang S, Ying J, Xue L, Yuan Y, Xie Y, Lu N (2014) PIK3CA gene mutations and overexpression: implications for prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in Chinese esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 9(7):e103021

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wang X, Li M, Wang Z, Han S, Tang X, Ge Y, Zhou L, Zhou C, Yuan Q, Yang M (2015) Silencing of long noncoding RNA MALAT1 by miR-101 and miR-217 inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. J Biol Chem 290(7):3925–3935

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Q, Feng F, Wang F, Liu Z, Liu S, Xu G, Zheng G, Guo M, Lian X, Zhang H (2018) PD-L1 expression on tumor cells was associated with unfavorable prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer 9(12):2224–2231

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Z, Kambhampati S, Cheng Y, Ma K, Simsek C, Tieu AH, Abraham JM, Liu X, Prasath V, Duncan M, Stark A, Trick A, Tsai HL, Wang H, He Y, Khashab MA, Ngamruengphong S, Shin EJ, Wang TH, Meltzer SJ (2019) Methylation biomarker panel performance in EsophaCap cytology samples for diagnosing Barrett’s esophagus: a prospective validation study. Clin Cancer Res 25(7):2127–2135

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Weber JA, Baxter DH, Zhang S, Huang DY, Huang KH, Lee MJ, Galas DJ, Wang K (2010) The microRNA spectrum in 12 body fluids. Clin Chem 56(11):1733–1741

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wen J, Yang H, Liu MZ, Luo KJ, Liu H, Hu Y, Zhang X, Lai RC, Lin T, Wang HY, Fu JH (2014) Gene expression analysis of pretreatment biopsies predicts the pathological response of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas to neo-chemoradiotherapy. Ann Oncol 25(9):1769–1774

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Whelan KA, Muir AB, Nakagawa H (2018) Esophageal 3D culture systems as modeling tools in esophageal epithelial pathobiology and personalized medicine. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 5(4):461–478

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wiklund ED, Gao S, Hulf T, Sibbritt T, Nair S, Costea DE, Villadsen SB, Bakholdt V, Bramsen JB, Sorensen JA, Krogdahl A, Clark SJ, Kjems J (2011) MicroRNA alterations and associated aberrant DNA methylation patterns across multiple sample types in oral squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 6(11):e27840

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wilke H, Muro K, Van Cutsem E, Oh SC, Bodoky G, Shimada Y, Hironaka S, Sugimoto N, Lipatov O, Kim TY, Cunningham D, Rougier P, Komatsu Y, Ajani J, Emig M, Carlesi R, Ferry D, Chandrawansa K, Schwartz JD, Ohtsu A Group RS (2014) Ramucirumab plus paclitaxel versus placebo plus paclitaxel in patients with previously treated advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (RAINBOW): a double-blind, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 15(11):1224–1235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woestemeier A, Harms-Effenberger K, Karstens KF, Konczalla L, Ghadban T, Uzunoglu FG, Izbicki JR, Bockhorn M, Pantel K, Reeh M (2020) Clinical relevance of circulating tumor cells in esophageal cancer detected by a combined MACS enrichment method. Cancers (Basel) 12(3)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu C, Kraft P, Zhai K, Chang J, Wang Z, Li Y, Hu Z, He Z, Jia W, Abnet CC, Liang L, Hu N, Miao X, Zhou Y, Liu Z, Zhan Q, Liu Y, Qiao Y, Zhou Y, Jin G, Guo C, Lu C, Yang H, Fu J, Yu D, Freedman ND, Ding T, Tan W, Goldstein AM, Wu T, Shen H, Ke Y, Zeng Y, Chanock SJ, Taylor PR, Lin D (2012) Genome-wide association analyses of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Chinese identify multiple susceptibility loci and gene-environment interactions. Nat Genet 44(10):1090–1097

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xie ZJ, Chen G, Zhang XC, Li DF, Huang J, Li ZJ (2012) Saliva supernatant miR-21: a novel potential biomarker for esophageal cancer detection. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 13(12):6145–6149

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xie Z, Chen G, Zhang X, Li D, Huang J, Yang C, Zhang P, Qin Y, Duan Y, Gong B, Li Z (2013) Salivary microRNAs as promising biomarkers for detection of esophageal cancer. PLoS One 8(4):e57502

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamura K, Baba Y, Nakagawa S, Mima K, Miyake K, Nakamura K, Sawayama H, Kinoshita K, Ishimoto T, Iwatsuki M, Sakamoto Y, Yamashita Y, Yoshida N, Watanabe M, Baba H (2016) Human microbiome fusobacterium nucleatum in esophageal cancer tissue is associated with prognosis. Clin Cancer Res 22(22):5574–5581

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yan T, Cui H, Zhou Y, Yang B, Kong P, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wang B, Cheng Y, Li J, Guo S, Xu E, Liu H, Cheng C, Zhang L, Chen L, Zhuang X, Qian Y, Yang J, Ma Y, Li H, Wang F, Liu J, Liu X, Su D, Wang Y, Sun R, Guo S, Li Y, Cheng X, Liu Z, Zhan Q, Cui Y (2019) Multi-region sequencing unveils novel actionable targets and spatial heterogeneity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Commun 10(1):1670

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang L, Francois F, Pei Z (2012) Molecular pathways: pathogenesis and clinical implications of microbiome alteration in esophagitis and Barrett esophagus. Clin Cancer Res 18(8):2138–2144

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yazbeck R, Jaenisch SE, Watson DI (2016) From blood to breath: new horizons for esophageal cancer biomarkers. World J Gastroenterol 22(46):10077–10083

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yoon HH, Shi Q, Sukov WR, Lewis MA, Sattler CA, Wiktor AE, Wu TT, Diasio RB, Jenkins RB, Sinicrope FA (2012) Adverse prognostic impact of intratumor heterogeneous HER2 gene amplification in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. J Clin Oncol 30(32):3932–3938

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yoon HH, Sukov WR, Shi Q, Sattler CA, Wiktor AE, Diasio RB, Wu TT, Jenkins RB, Sinicrope FA (2014) HER-2/neu gene amplification in relation to expression of HER2 and HER3 proteins in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. Cancer 120(3):415–424

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yu W, Guo Y (2018) Prognostic significance of programmed death ligand-1 immunohistochemical expression in esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 97(30):e11614

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu G, Gail MH, Shi J, Klepac-Ceraj V, Paster BJ, Dye BA, Wang GQ, Wei WQ, Fan JH, Qiao YL, Dawsey SM, Freedman ND, Abnet CC (2014) Association between upper digestive tract microbiota and cancer-predisposing states in the esophagus and stomach. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 23(5):735–741

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zaanan A, Palle J, Soularue E, Leroy F, Louafi S, Tougeron D, Manfredi S, Artru P, Pozet A, Taieb J (2018) Trastuzumab in combination with FOLFIRI in patients with advanced HER2-positive gastro-esophageal adenocarcinoma: a retrospective multicenter AGEO study. Target Oncol 13(1):107–112

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang C, Wang C, Chen X, Yang C, Li K, Wang J, Dai J, Hu Z, Zhou X, Chen L, Zhang Y, Li Y, Qiu H, Xing J, Liang Z, Ren B, Yang C, Zen K, Zhang CY (2010) Expression profile of microRNAs in serum: a fingerprint for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Chem 56(12):1871–1879

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang W, Pang Q, Yan C, Wang Q, Yang J, Yu S, Liu X, Yuan Z, Wang P, Xiao Z (2017) Induction of PD-L1 expression by epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated signaling in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 10:763–771

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang C, Jiang F, Su C, Xie P, Xu L (2019) Upregulation of long noncoding RNA SNHG20 promotes cell growth and metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via modulating ATM-JAK-PD-L1 pathway. J Cell Biochem 120(7):11642–11650

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou Z, Kalatskaya I, Russell D, Marcon N, Cirocco M, Krzyzanowski PM, Streutker C, Liang H, Litle VR, Godfrey TE, Stein L (2019) Combined EsophaCap cytology and MUC2 immunohistochemistry for screening of intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 12:219–229

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA

    Manisha Bajpai

  2. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and New Jersey Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA

    Zhongren (David) Zhou

Authors
  1. Manisha Bajpai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zhongren (David) Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Manisha Bajpai .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Jesse Brown VA Medical Center Chicago (537), Chicago, IL, USA

    Jun Sun

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The American Physiological Society

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Bajpai, M., (David) Zhou, Z. (2021). Biomarkers of Esophageal Cancers and Precancerous Lesions. In: Sun, J. (eds) Inflammation, Infection, and Microbiome in Cancers. Physiology in Health and Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67951-4_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation