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Mucositis

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Oncologic Emergency Medicine

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Abstract

Mucositis is defined as an ulcerative, erosive injury to the mucosa lining, oral cavity, or gastrointestinal tract. Mucositis is a known toxicity associated with several chemotherapies, targeted therapies, radiation therapies, and the myeloablative therapies preceding hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Mucositis can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract. The symptoms associated with mucosal injury vary by anatomic location. In the oral cavity, esophagus, and anal canal, mucositis often manifests as a burning sensation which progresses to pain. In the stomach, small bowel, and colon, mucositis results in symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, and diarrhea. Decreased oral intake is a common result of symptoms caused by mucositis, which can lead to dehydration, nutritional deficiency, and increased risk of infection. In severe cases, the effects can result in extended hospitalizations and discontinuation of anti-neoplastic therapies. Unexpected treatment breaks and premature discontinuation of therapies are associated with worse oncologic outcomes, such as increased rates of disease recurrence and decreased survival. Furthermore, mucositis negatively impacts patient quality of life and is a significant economic burden to the healthcare system. Numerous agents have been studied for their potential use in the prevention and treatment of mucositis. Unfortunately, there are limited randomized, reproducible studies supporting the use of any such agents.

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  1. Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA

    Jennifer A. Novak & Arya Amini

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  1. Jennifer A. Novak
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  2. Arya Amini
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Correspondence to Arya Amini .

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  1. Former Professor and Founding Chair (Retired), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Knox H. Todd

  2. Professor and Chair, Department of Radiation Medicine, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA

    Charles R. Thomas, Jr.

  3. Professor and Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Kumar Alagappan

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Novak, J.A., Amini, A. (2021). Mucositis. In: Todd, K.H., Thomas, Jr., C.R., Alagappan, K. (eds) Oncologic Emergency Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67123-5_50

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67123-5_50

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-67122-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-67123-5

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