Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The TNG50 Simulation: Highly-Resolved Galaxies in a Large Cosmological Volume to the Present Day

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering '19

  • 1098 Accesses

Abstract

Large-volume cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy formation enable us to theoretically follow the co-evolution of thousands of galaxies while directly outputting the observable signatures that result from the complex and highly non-linear process of cosmic structure formation. Here we present the first results from the TNG50 run, an unprecedented ‘next generation’ cosmological, magnetohydrodynamical simulation that we have recently brought to completion on the Hazel Hen supercomputer. TNG50 is the third and final volume of the IllustrisTNG project. With over 20 billion resolution elements it resolves spatial scales down to \(\sim \) 100 parsecs, following the co-evolution of dark matter, gas, stars, supermassive black holes and magnetic fields across the history of the Universe.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    http://www.tng-project.org.

References

  1. M. Vogelsberger, S. Genel, V. Springel, P. Torrey, D. Sijacki, D. Xu, G. Snyder, D. Nelson, L. Hernquist, MNRAS 444, 1518 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1536

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. M. Vogelsberger, S. Genel, V. Springel, P. Torrey, D. Sijacki, D. Xu, G. Snyder, S. Bird, D. Nelson, L. Hernquist, Nature 509, 177 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. S. Genel, M. Vogelsberger, V. Springel, D. Sijacki, D. Nelson, G. Snyder, V. Rodriguez-Gomez, P. Torrey, L. Hernquist, MNRAS 445, 175 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1654

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. D. Sijacki, M. Vogelsberger, S. Genel, V. Springel, P. Torrey, G.F. Snyder, D. Nelson, L. Hernquist, MNRAS 452, 575 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1340

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. J. Schaye, R.A. Crain, R.G. Bower, M. Furlong, M. Schaller, T. Theuns, C. Dalla Vecchia, C.S. Frenk, I.G. McCarthy, J.C. Helly, A. Jenkins, Y.M. Rosas-Guevara, S.D.M. White, M. Baes, C.M. Booth, P. Camps, J.F. Navarro, Y. Qu, A. Rahmati, T. Sawala, P.A. Thomas, J. Trayford, MNRAS  446, 521 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu2058

  6. R.A. Crain, J. Schaye, R.G. Bower, M. Furlong, M. Schaller, T. Theuns, C. Dalla Vecchia, C.S. Frenk, I.G. McCarthy, J.C. Helly, A. Jenkins, Y.M. Rosas-Guevara, S.D.M. White, J.W. Trayford, MNRAS  450, 1937 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv725

  7. Y. Dubois, S. Peirani, C. Pichon, J. Devriendt, R. Gavazzi, C. Welker, M. Volonteri, MNRAS 463, 3948 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. A. Pillepich, V. Springel, D. Nelson, S. Genel, J. Naiman, R. Pakmor, L. Hernquist, P. Torrey, M. Vogelsberger, R. Weinberger, F. Marinacci, MNRAS 473, 4077 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2656

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. R. Weinberger, V. Springel, L. Hernquist, A. Pillepich, F. Marinacci, R. Pakmor, D. Nelson, S. Genel, M. Vogelsberger, J. Naiman, P. Torrey, MNRAS 465, 3291 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2944

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. A. Pillepich, D. Nelson, L. Hernquist, V. Springel, R. Pakmor, P. Torrey, R. Weinberger, S. Genel, J.P. Naiman, F. Marinacci, M. Vogelsberger, MNRAS 475, 648 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx3112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. V. Springel, R. Pakmor, A. Pillepich, R. Weinberger, D. Nelson, L. Hernquist, M. Vogelsberger, S. Genel, P. Torrey, F. Marinacci, J. Naiman, MNRAS 475, 676 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx3304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. D. Nelson, A. Pillepich, V. Springel, R. Weinberger, L. Hernquist, R. Pakmor, S. Genel, P. Torrey, M. Vogelsberger, G. Kauffmann, F. Marinacci, J. Naiman, MNRAS 475, 624 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx3040

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. F. Marinacci, M. Vogelsberger, R. Pakmor, P. Torrey, V. Springel, L. Hernquist, D. Nelson, R. Weinberger, A. Pillepich, J. Naiman, S. Genel, ArXiv e-prints (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  14. J.P. Naiman, A. Pillepich, V. Springel, E. Ramirez-Ruiz, P. Torrey, M. Vogelsberger, R. Pakmor, D. Nelson, F. Marinacci, L. Hernquist, R. Weinberger, S. Genel, ArXiv e-prints (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  15. D. Nelson, A. Pillepich, S. Genel, M. Vogelsberger, V. Springel, P. Torrey, V. Rodriguez-Gomez, D. Sijacki, G.F. Snyder, B. Griffen, F. Marinacci, L. Blecha, L. Sales, D. Xu, L. Hernquist, Astronomy Comput. 13, 12 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ascom.2015.09.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. V. Springel, MNRAS 401, 791 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15715.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. R. Pakmor, A. Bauer, V. Springel, MNRAS 418, 1392 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19591.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. R. Pakmor, V. Springel, MNRAS 432, 176 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt428

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. R. Pakmor, V. Springel, A. Bauer, P. Mocz, D.J. Munoz, S.T. Ohlmann, K. Schaal, C. Zhu, MNRAS 455, 1134 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv2380

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. D. Nelson, A. Pillepich, V. Springel, R. Weinberger, L. Hernquist, R. Pakmor, S. Genel, P. Torrey, M. Vogelsberger, G. Kauffmann, F. Marinacci, J. Naiman,

    Google Scholar 

  21. V. Springel, L. Hernquist, MNRAS 339, 289 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06206.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. S. Genel, D. Nelson, A. Pillepich, V. Springel, R. Pakmor, R. Weinberger, L. Hernquist, J. Naiman, M. Vogelsberger, F. Marinacci, P. Torrey, MNRAS 474, 3976 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx3078

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. J.P. Naiman, A. Pillepich, V. Springel, E. Ramirez-Ruiz, P. Torrey, M. Vogelsberger, R. Pakmor, D. Nelson, F. Marinacci, L. Hernquist, R. Weinberger, S. Genel, MNRAS 477, 1206 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty618

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. R. Weinberger, V. Springel, R. Pakmor, D. Nelson, S. Genel, A. Pillepich, M. Vogelsberger, F. Marinacci, J. Naiman, P. Torrey, L. Hernquist, ArXiv e-prints (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  25. M. Habouzit, S. Genel, R.S. Somerville, D. Kocevski, M. Hirschmann, A. Dekel, E. Choi, D. Nelson, A. Pillepich, P. Torrey, L. Hernquist, M. Vogelsberger, R. Weinberger, V. Springel, ArXiv e-prints (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  26. P. Torrey, M. Vogelsberger, F. Marinacci, R. Pakmor, V. Springel, D. Nelson, J. Naiman, A. Pillepich, S. Genel, R. Weinberger, L. Hernquist, ArXiv e-prints (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  27. M.R. Lovell, A. Pillepich, S. Genel, D. Nelson, V. Springel, R. Pakmor, F. Marinacci, R. Weinberger, P. Torrey, M. Vogelsberger, L. Hernquist, ArXiv e-prints (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  28. V. Rodriguez-Gomez, G.F. Snyder, J.M. Lotz, D. Nelson, A. Pillepich, V. Springel, S. Genel, R. Weinberger, S. Tacchella, R. Pakmor, P. Torrey, F. Marinacci, M. Vogelsberger, L. Hernquist, D.A. Thilker, MNRAS 483, 4140 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty3345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Q. Zhu, D. Xu, M. Gaspari, V. Rodriguez-Gomez, D. Nelson, M. Vogelsberger, P. Torrey, A. Pillepich, J. Zjupa, R. Weinberger, F. Marinacci, R. Pakmor, S. Genel, Y. Li, V. Springel, L. Hernquist, MNRAS 480, L18 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/sly111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. K. Yun, A. Pillepich, E. Zinger, D. Nelson, M. Donnari, G. Joshi, V. Rodriguez-Gomez, S. Genel, R. Weinberger, M. Vogelsberger, L. Hernquist, MNRAS (2018). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty3156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. M. Vogelsberger, F. Marinacci, P. Torrey, S. Genel, V. Springel, R. Weinberger, R. Pakmor, L. Hernquist, J. Naiman, A. Pillepich, D. Nelson, MNRAS 474, 2073 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2955

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. D.J. Barnes, M. Vogelsberger, R. Kannan, F. Marinacci, R. Weinberger, V. Springel, P. Torrey, A. Pillepich, D. Nelson, R. Pakmor, J. Naiman, L. Hernquist, M. McDonald, MNRAS 481, 1809 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2078

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. D. Nelson, G. Kauffmann, A. Pillepich, S. Genel, V. Springel, R. Pakmor, L. Hernquist, R. Weinberger, P. Torrey, M. Vogelsberger, F. Marinacci, MNRAS (2018). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty656

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. A. Gupta, T. Yuan, P. Torrey, M. Vogelsberger, D. Martizzi, K.V.H. Tran, L.J. Kewley, F. Marinacci, D. Nelson, A. Pillepich, L. Hernquist, S. Genel, V. Springel, MNRAS 477, L35 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/sly037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Y. Wang, M. Vogelsberger, D. Xu, S. Mao, V. Springel, H. Li, D. Barnes, L. Hernquist, A. Pillepich, F. Marinacci, R. Pakmor, R. Weinberger, P. Torrey, ArXiv e-prints (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  36. D. Martizzi, M. Vogelsberger, M.C. Artale, M. Haider, P. Torrey, F. Marinacci, D. Nelson, A. Pillepich, R. Weinberger, L. Hernquist, J. Naiman, V. Springel, ArXiv e-prints (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  37. F. Villaescusa-Navarro, S. Genel, E. Castorina, A. Obuljen, D.N. Spergel, L. Hernquist, D. Nelson, I.P. Carucci, A. Pillepich, F. Marinacci, B. Diemer, M. Vogelsberger, R. Weinberger, R. Pakmor, ApJ 866, 135 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aadba0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. B. Diemer, A.R.H. Stevens, J.C. Forbes, F. Marinacci, L. Hernquist, C.d.P. Lagos, A. Sternberg, A. Pillepich, D. Nelson, G. Popping, F. Villaescusa-Navarro, P. Torrey, M. Vogelsberger, ApJS  238, 33 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aae387

  39. A.R.H. Stevens, B. Diemer, C.d.P. Lagos, D. Nelson, A. Pillepich, T. Brown, B. Catinella, L. Hernquist, R. Weinberger, M. Vogelsberger, F. Marinacci, ArXiv e-prints (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  40. G. Popping, A. Pillepich, R.S. Somerville, R. Decarli, F. Walter, M. Aravena, C. Carilli, P. Cox, D. Nelson, D. Riechers, A. Weiss, L. Boogaard, R. Bouwens, T. Contini, P.C. Cortes, E. da Cunha, E. Daddi, T. Díaz-Santos, B. Diemer, J. González-López, L. Hernquist, R. Ivison, O. Le Fevre, F. Marinacci, H.W. Rix, M. Swinbank, M. Vogelsberger, P. van der Werf, J. Wagg, L.Y.A. Yung, arXiv e-prints (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  41. M. Ntampaka, J. ZuHone, D. Eisenstein, D. Nagai, A. Vikhlinin, L. Hernquist, F. Marinacci, D. Nelson, R. Pakmor, A. Pillepich, P. Torrey, M. Vogelsberger, ArXiv e-prints (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  42. M. Huertas-Company, V. Rodriguez-Gomez, D. Nelson, A. Pillepich, M. Bernardi, H. Domínguez-Sánchez, S. Genel, R. Pakmor, G.F. Snyder, M. Vogelsberger, arXiv e-prints (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  43. R.J.J. Grand, F.A. Gómez, F. Marinacci, R. Pakmor, V. Springel, D.J.R. Campbell, C.S. Frenk, A. Jenkins, S.D.M. White, ArXiv e-prints (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  44. P.F. Hopkins, A. Wetzel, D. Keres, C.A. Faucher-Giguere, E. Quataert, M. Boylan-Kolchin, N. Murray, C.C. Hayward, S. Garrison-Kimmel, C. Hummels, R. Feldmann, P. Torrey, X. Ma, D. Angles-Alcazar, K.Y. Su, M. Orr, D. Schmitz, I. Escala, R. Sanderson, M.Y. Grudic, Z. Hafen, J.H. Kim, A. Fitts, J.S. Bullock, C. Wheeler, T.K. Chan, O.D. Elbert, D. Narananan, ArXiv e-prints (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  45. A. Pillepich, D. Nelson, V. Springel, R. Pakmor, P. Torrey, R. Weinberger, M. Vogelsberger, F. Marinacci, S. Genel, A. van der Wel, L. Hernquist, arXiv e-prints arXiv:1902.05553 (2019)

  46. D. Nelson, A. Pillepich, V. Springel, R. Pakmor, R. Weinberger, S. Genel, P. Torrey, M. Vogelsberger, F. Marinacci, L. Hernquist, arXiv e-prints arXiv:1902.05554 (2019)

  47. M. Vogelsberger, D. Nelson, A. Pillepich, X. Shen, F. Marinacci, V. Springel, R. Pakmor, S. Tacchella, R. Weinberger, P. Torrey, L. Hernquist, arXiv e-prints arXiv:1904.07238 (2019)

  48. N.M. Förster Schreiber, A. Renzini, C. Mancini, R. Genzel, N. Bouché, G. Cresci, E.K.S. Hicks, S.J. Lilly, Y. Peng, A. Burkert, C.M. Carollo, A. Cimatti, E. Daddi, R.I. Davies, S. Genel, J.D. Kurk, P. Lang, D. Lutz, V. Mainieri, H.J. McCracken, M. Mignoli, T. Naab, P. Oesch, L. Pozzetti, M. Scodeggio, K. Shapiro Griffin, A.E. Shapley, A. Sternberg, S. Tacchella, L.J. Tacconi, S. Wuyts, G. Zamorani, ArXiv e-prints (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  49. H.R. Russell, J.S. Sanders, A.C. Fabian, S.A. Baum, M. Donahue, A.C. Edge, B.R. McNamara, C.P. O’Dea, MNRAS 406, 1721 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16822.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. H.J. Mo, S. Mao, S.D.M. White, MNRAS 295, 319 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01227.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. D. Nelson, V. Springel, A. Pillepich, V. Rodriguez-Gomez, P. Torrey, S. Genel, M. Vogelsberger, R. Pakmor, F. Marinacci, R. Weinberger, L. Kelley, M. Lovell, B. Diemer, L. Hernquist, arXiv e-prints arXiv:1812.05609 (2018)

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the Gauss Centre for Supercomputing (GCS) for providing computing time for the GCS Large-Scale Projects GCS-ILLU (2014) and GCS-DWAR (2016) on the GCS share of the supercomputer Hazel Hen at the High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart (HLRS). AP and DN acknowledge additional simulations and analysis carried out on supercomputers at the Max Planck Computing and Data Facility (MPCDF, formerly RZG).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany

    Annalisa Pillepich

  2. Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741, Garching, Germany

    Dylan Nelson, Volker Springel & Rüdiger Pakmor

  3. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA

    Lars Hernquist, Rainer Weinberger & Jill Naiman

  4. MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA

    Mark Vogelsberger

  5. Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10010, USA

    Shy Genel

  6. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, via Gobetti 93/2, 40129, Bologna, Italy

    Federico Marinacci

  7. Department of Physics, University of Florida, 2001 Museum Rd., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA

    Paul Torrey

Authors
  1. Annalisa Pillepich
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dylan Nelson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Volker Springel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Rüdiger Pakmor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Lars Hernquist
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Mark Vogelsberger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Rainer Weinberger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Shy Genel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Federico Marinacci
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Paul Torrey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Jill Naiman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Annalisa Pillepich .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Zentrum für Informationsdienste und Hochleistungsrechnen (ZIH), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

    Wolfgang E. Nagel

  2. Abteilung für Angewandte Mathematik, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

    Dietmar H. Kröner

  3. Höchstleistungsrechenzentrum Stuttgart (HLRS), Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

    Michael M. Resch

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Pillepich, A. et al. (2021). The TNG50 Simulation: Highly-Resolved Galaxies in a Large Cosmological Volume to the Present Day. In: Nagel, W.E., Kröner, D.H., Resch, M.M. (eds) High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering '19. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66792-4_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation