Skip to main content

Research on Nature, Prevalence, and Characteristics in Mental Health Disorders and Functional Assessment

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Functional Assessment for Challenging Behaviors and Mental Health Disorders

Abstract

Psychiatric disorders are mental health conditions where an individual displays a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment in personal or social functioning. Many psychiatric disorders can occur across the lifespan, with some being more likely in childhood and others being rare until adulthood. Psychiatric symptoms are influenced by one’s genetics and biology, as well as social and environmental influences. With that in mind, functional assessment has a role in identifying and assessing the intersection of biopsychosocial functioning and cognitive, emotional, and behavioral symptoms as it relates to a person’s mental health and overall wellness. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an introduction into the incorporation of functional assessment for psychiatric disorders. An overview of those conditions, or symptom clusters, where the utility of functional assessment has been established will be discussed first, followed by conditions where functional assessment has emerging utility.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abidi, S., Mian, I., Garcia-Ortega, I., Lecomte, T., Raedler, T., Jackson, K., … Addington, D. (2017). Canadian guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders in children and youth. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 62(9), 635–647.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bahreynian, M., Qorbani, M., Khaniabadi, B. M., Motlagh, M. E., Safari, O., Asayesh, H., & Kelishadi, R. (2017). Association between obesity and parental weight status in children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology, 9(2), 111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barlow, S. E., & Dietz, W. H. (1998). Obesity evaluation and treatment: Expert committee recommendations. Pediatrics, 102(3), e29–e29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnett, E., Sussman, S., Smith, C., Rohrbach, L. A., & Spruijt-Metz, D. (2012). Motivational interviewing for adolescent substance use: A review of the literature. Addictive Behaviors, 37(12), 1325–1334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beavers, G. A., Iwata, B. A., & Lerman, D. C. (2013). Thirty years of research on the functional analysis of problem behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 46(1), 1–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T. (Ed.). (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckner, J. D., & Heimberg, R. G. (2010). Drinking behaviors in social situations account for alcohol related problems among socially anxious individuals. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 24(4), 640–648.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bukstein, O. G. (2005). Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with substance use disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 44(6), 609–621.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buono, F. D., Upton, T. D., Griffiths, M. D., Sprong, M. E., & Bordieri, J. (2016). Demonstrating the validity of the video game functional assessment-revised (VGFA-R). Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 501–510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buth, S., Wurst, F. M., Thon, N., Lahusen, H., & Kalke, J. (2017). Comparative analysis of potential risk factors for at-risk gambling, problem gambling and gambling disorder among current gamblers—Results of the austrian representative survey 2015. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 2188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chamberlain, P. (2003). The Oregon multidimensional treatment foster care model: Features, outcomes, and progress in dissemination. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 10(4), 303–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Couwenbergh, C., van den Brink, W., Zwart, K., Vreugdenhil, C., van Wijngaarden-Cremers, P., & van der Gaag, R. J. (2006). Comorbid psychopathology in adolescents and young adults treated for substance use disorders. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 15(6), 319–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Craske, M. G., & Barlow, D. H. (2007). Mastery of your anxiety and panic (4th ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cucchi, A., Ryan, D., Konstantakopoulos, G., Stroumpa, S., Kaçar, A. Ş., Renshaw, S., … Kravariti, E. (2016). Lifetime prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury in patients with eating disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 46(7), 1345–1358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dadds, M. R., Cauchi, A. J., Wimalaweera, S., Hawes, D. J., & Brennan, J. (2012). Outcomes, moderators, and mediators of empathic-emotion recognition training for complex conduct problems in childhood. Psychiatry Research, 199(3), 201–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daniels, S. R. (2009). Complications of obesity in children and adolescents. International Journal of Obesity, 33(1), S60–S65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeCou, C., Comtois, K., & Landes, S. (2019). Dialectical behavior therapy is effective for the treatment of suicidal behavior: A meta-anaylsis. Behavior Therapy, 50, 60–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • del Valle, P., Kelley, S. L., & Seoanes, J. E. (2001). The “oppositional defiant” and “conduct disorder” child: A brief review of etiology, assessment, and treatment. Behavioral Development Bulletin, 10(1), 36–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dowling, N., Merkouris, S., Greenwood, C., Oldenhof, E., Toumbourou, J., & Youssef, G. (2017). Early risk and protective factors for problem gambling: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 51, 109–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dupaul, G. J., & Ervin, R. A. (1996). Functional assessment of behaviors related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Linking assessment to intervention design. Behavior Therapy, 27, 601–622.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott, A. J., & Fuqua, A. J. (2000). Trichotillomania: Conceptualization, measurement and treatment. Behavior Therapy, 31, 529–545.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, L. H., Lin, H., Carr, K. A., & Fletcher, K. D. (2012). Food reinforcement and obesity. Psychological moderators. Appetite, 58(1), 157–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, L. H., Valoski, A., Wing, R. R., & McCurley, J. (1994). Ten-year outcomes of behavioral family-based treatment for childhood obesity. Health Psychology, 13(5), 373.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fairchild, G., Hawes, D. J., Frick, P. J., Copeland, W. E., Odgers, C. L., Franke, B., … De Brito, S. A. (2019). Conduct disorder. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 5(1), 1–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farsalinos, K., Tomaselli, V., & Polosa, R. (2018). Frequency of use and smoking status of US adolescent e-cigarette users in 2015. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 54(6), 814–820.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feng, W., Ramo, D. E., Chan, S. R., & Bourgeois, J. A. (2017). Internet gaming disorder: Trends in prevalence 1998-2016. Addictive Behaviors, 75, 17–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fettes, D. L., Aarons, G. A., & Green, A. E. (2013). Higher rates of adolescent substance use in child welfare versus community populations in the United States. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 74(6), 825–834.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fichter, M. M., & Quadflieg, N. (2016). Mortality in eating disorders-results of a large prospective clinical longitudinal study. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 49(4), 391–401.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Floros, G. D. (2018). Gambling disorder in adolescents: Prevalence, new developments, and treatment challenges. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 9, 43–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • French, S. A., Epstein, L. H., Jeffery, R. W., Blundell, J. E., & Wardle, J. (2012). Eating behavior dimensions. Associations with energy intake and body weight. A review. Appetite, 59(2), 541–549.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Friman, P. C., Finney, J. W., & Christophersen, E. R. (1984). Behavioral treatment of trichotillomania: An evaluative review. Behavior Therapy, 15, 249–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Friman, P. C., Hayes, S. C., & Wilson, K. G. (1998). Why behavior analysts should study emotion: The example of anxiety. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 31(1), 137–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gentile, D. A., Bailey, K., Bavelier, D., Brockmyer, J. F., Cash, H., Coyne, S. M., … Young, K. (2017). Internet gaming disorder in children and adolescents. Pediatrics, 140(Suppl 2), S81–S85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghaderi, A. (2007). Logical functional analysis in the assessment and treatment of eating disorders. Clinical Psychologist, 11(1), 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gibbins, C., & Weiss, M. (2007, October). Clinical recommendations in current practice guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in adults. Current Psychiatry Reports, 9, 420–426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, L. H., Mellers, J. D. C., Landau, S., Stone, J., Carson, A., Medford, N., & Reuber, M…Chalder, T. (2015). Cognitive behavioral therapy vs standardized medical care for adults with dissociative non-epileptic seizures (CODES): A multi-centre randomized controlled trial protocol. BMC Neurology, 15(98), 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, C. T., Frazier, J. A., McKenna, K., Giedd, J., Zametkin, A., Kaysen, D., … Hong, W. (1994). Childhood-onset schizophrenia: An NIMH study in progress. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 20(4), 697–712.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, J. E., & Chamberlain, S. R. (2016). Trichotillomania. American Journal of Psychiatry, 173(9), 868–874.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, J. E., & Potenza, M. N. (2010). Pharmacological treatment of adolescent pathological gambling. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 22(1), 129–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hales, C. M., Carroll, M. D., Fryar, C. D., & Ogden, C. L. (2017). Prevalence of obesity among adults and youth: United States, 2015-2016. NCHS Data Brief, no 288. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanley, G. P., Iwata, B. A., & McCord, B. E. (2003). Functional analysis of problem behavior: A review. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 36(2), 147–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hebebrand, J., & Hinney, A. (2008). Environmental and genetic risk factors in obesity. Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 18, 83–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henggeler, S. W. (2001). Multisystemic therapy. Residential Treatment for Children and Youth, 18(3), 75–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herpertz-Dahlmann, B. (2015). Adolescent eating disorders: Update on definitions, symptomatology, epidemiology, and comorbidity. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 24(1), 177–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2014.08.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hilbert, A., Hoek, H. W., & Schmidt, R. (2017). Evidence-based clinical guidelines for eating disorders: International comparison. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 30(6), 423–437.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hollon, S., & Ponniah, K. (2010). A review of empirically supported psychological therapies for mood disorders. Depression & Anxiety, 27(10), 891–932.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holth, P., Torsheim, T., Sheidow, A. J., Ogden, T., & Henggeler, S. W. (2011). Intensive quality assurance of therapist adherence to behavioral interventions for adolescent substance use problems. Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse, 20(4), 289–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jing, L., Neeraj, S. G., Teodorczuk, A., Zhan-jiang, L., & Sun, J. (2019). The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy in somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Affective Disorders, 245, 98–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaczkurkin, A. N., & Foa, E. B. (2015). Cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: An update on the empirical evidence. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 17(3), 337–346.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keane, E., Layte, R., Harrington, J., Kearney, P. M., & Perry, I. J. (2012). Measured parental weight status and familial socio-economic status correlates with childhood overweight and obesity at age 9. PLoS One, 7(8), e43503.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaminski, J. W., & Claussen, A. H. (2017). Evidence base update for psychosocial treatments for disruptive behaviors in children. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 46(4), 477–499.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kane, J. M., Robinson, D. G., Schooler, N. R., Mueser, K. T., Penn, D. L., Rosenheck, R. A., … Estroff, S. E. (2016). Comprehensive versus usual community care for first-episode psychosis: 2-year outcomes from the NIMH RAISE early treatment program. American Journal of Psychiatry, 173(4), 362–372.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R. C., Adler, L., Berkley, R., Biederman, J., Conners, C. K., Demler, O., … Zaslavsky, A. M. (2006). The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(4), 716–723.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, D. L., Delfabbro, P. H., Wu, A. M., Doh, Y. Y., Kuss, D. J., Pallesen, S., … Sakuma, H. (2017). Treatment of internet gaming disorder: An international systematic review and CONSORT evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 54, 123–133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knouse, L. E., & Mitchell, J. T. (2015). Incautiously optimistic: Positively valenced cognitive avoidance in adult ADHD. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 22(2), 192–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knouse, L. E., & Safren, S. A. (2010). Current status of cognitive behavioral therapy for adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 33, 497–509.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kozlowska, K., Scher, S., & Williams, L. M. (2011). Patterns of emotional-cognitive functioning in pediatric conversion patients: Implications for the conceptualization of conversion disorder. Psychosomatic Medicine, 73(9), 775–788.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kostro, K., Lerman, J. B., & Attia, E. (2014). The current status of suicide and self-injury in eating disorders: A narrative review. Journal of Eating Disorders, 2(1), 19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lecomte, T., Abidi, S., Garcia-Ortega, I., Mian, I., Jackson, K., Jackson, K., & Norman, R. (2017). Canadian treatment guidelines on psychosocial treatment of schizophrenia in children and youth. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 62(9), 648–655.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lefrance, W. C., Miller, I. W., Ryan, C. E., Blum, A. S., Solomon, D. A., Kelley, J. E., & Keitner, G. I. (2009). Cognitive behavioral therapy for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Epilepsy & Behavior, 14, 591–596.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Letourneau, E. J., Henggeler, S. W., Borduin, C. M., Schewe, P. A., McCart, M. R., Chapman, J. E., & Saldana, L. (2009). Multisystemic therapy for juvenile sexual offenders: 1-year results from a randomized effectiveness trial. Journal of Family Psychology, 23(1), 89–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewinsohn, P. M. (1975). The behavioral study and treatment of depression. In M. Hersen, R. M. Eisler, & P. M. Miller (Eds.), Progress in behavioral modification (Vol. 1, pp. 19–65). New York, NY: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linehan, M. (2015). DBT skills training manual (2nd ed.). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lopez-Quintero, C., de los Cobos, J. P., Hasin, D. S., Okuda, M., Wang, S., Grant, B. F., & Blanco, C. (2011). Probability and predictors of transition from first use to dependence on nicotine, alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine: Results of the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions (NESARC). Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 115(1–2), 120–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luzier, J. L., Berlin, K. S., & Weeks, J. W. (2010). Behavioral treatment of pediatric obesity: Review and future directions. Children’s Health Care, 39(4), 312–334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manos, R., Kanter, J., & Busch, A. (2010). A critical review of assessment strategies to measure the behavioral activation model of depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 547–561.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayo-Wilson, E., Dias, S., Mavranezouli, I., Kew, K., Clark, D. M., Ades, A. E., & Pilling, S. (2014). Psychological and pharmacological interventions for social anxiety disorder in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry, 1(5), 368–376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McClellan, J., & Stock, S. (2013). Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with schizophrenia. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(9), 976–990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGovern, L., Johnson, J. N., Paulo, R., Hettinger, A., Singhal, V., Kamath, C., … Montori, V. M. (2008). Treatment of pediatric obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 93(12), 4600–4605.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McManus, F., Van Doorn, K., & Yiend, J. (2012). Examining the effects of thought records and behavioral experiments in instigating belief change. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 43(1), 540–547.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Menchon, J. M., Mestre-Bach, G., Steward, T., Fernandez-Aranda, F., & Jimenez-Murcia, S. (2018). An overview of gambling disorder: From treatment approaches to risk factors. F1000Research, 7, 434.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mericle, A. A., Arria, A. M., Meyers, K., Cacciola, J., Winters, K. C., & Kirby, K. (2015). National trends in adolescent substance use disorders and treatment availability: 2003–2010. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 24(5), 255–263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meulders, A., Van Daele, T., Volders, S., & Vlaeyen, J. W. S. (2016). The use of safety-seeking behavior in exposure-based treatments for fear and anxiety: Benefit or burden? A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 45, 144–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, S. B. (2008). Functional analysis of eating disorders. Journal of Behavior Analysis in Health, Sports, Fitness and Medicine, 1(1), 26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milani, L., La Torre, G., Fiore, M., Grumi, S., Gentile, D. A., Ferrante, M., … Di Blasio, P. (2018). Internet gaming addiction in adolescence: Risk factors and maladjustment correlates. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 16(4), 888–904.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, F. G., & Lee, D. L. (2013). Do functional behavioral assessments improve intervention effectiveness for students diagnosed with ADHD? A single-subject meta-analysis. Journal of Behavioral Education, 22(3), 253–282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, A., Rathus, J., & Linehan, M. (2007). Dialectical behavior therapy with suicidal adolescents. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitte, K. (2005). A meta-analysis of the efficacy of psycho- and pharmaco-therapy in panic disorder with and without agoraphobia. Journal of Affective Disorders, 88, 27–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., Harrington, H., & Milne, B. J. (2002). Males on the life-course-persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial pathways: Follow-up at age 26 years. Development and Psychopathology, 14(1), 179–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morris, S. H., Zickgraf, H. F., Dingfelder, H. E., & Franklin, M. E. (2014). Habit reversal training in trichotillomania: Guide for the clinician. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 13(9), 1067–1077.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (Great Britain). (2013). Psychosis and schizophrenia in children and young people: Recognition and management. RCPysch Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Guideline Alliance. (2017). Eating disorders: Recognition and treatment. Retrieved from https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/NG69

  • National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2014). Principles of adolescent substance use disorder treatment: A research-based guide, 2014. Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/principles-adolescent-substance-use-disorder-treatment-research-based-guide/acknowledgements

  • Nederkoorn, C., Braet, C., Van Eijs, Y., Tanghe, A., & Jansen, A. (2006). Why obese children cannot resist food: The role of impulsivity. Eating Behaviors, 7(4), 315–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nock, M. K., Kazdin, A. E., Hiripi, E., & Kessler, R. C. (2006). Prevalence, subtypes, and correlates of DSM-IV conduct disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Psychological Medicine, 36(5), 699–710.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nock, M. K., Kazdin, A. E., Hiripi, E., & Kessler, R. C. (2007). Lifetime prevalence, correlates, and persistence of oppositional defiant disorder: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48(7), 703–713.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Office of Adolescent Health. (2019). United states adolescent substance abuse facts. Retrieved from https://www.hhs.gov/ash/oah/facts-and-stats/national-and-state-data-sheets/adolescents-and-substance-abuse/united-states/index.html

  • Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Kit, B. K., & Flegal, K. M. (2012). Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among US children and adolescents, 1999-2010. Journal of the American Medical Association, 307(5), 483–490.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Neill, R. E., Albin, R. W., Storey, K., Horner, R. H., & Sprague, J. R. (2014). Functional assessment and program development. Toronto, ON, Canada: Nelson Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paulus, F. W., Ohmann, S., Von Gontard, A., & Popow, C. (2018). Internet gaming disorder in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 60(7), 645–659.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piacentini, J., Woods, D. W., Scahill, L., Wilhelm, S., Peterson, A. L., Chang, S., … Walkup, J. T. (2010). Behavior therapy for children with Tourette disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 303(19), 1929–1937.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pinard, C. A., Yaroch, A. L., Hart, M. H., Serrano, E. L., McFerren, M. M., & Estabrooks, P. A. (2012). Measures of the home environment related to childhood obesity: A systematic review. Public Health Nutrition, 15(1), 97–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poikolainen, K. (2002). Antecedents of substance use in adolescence. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 15(3), 241–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rajjo, T., Mohammed, K., Alsawas, M., Ahmed, A. T., Farah, W., Asi, N., … Murad, M. H. (2017). Treatment of pediatric obesity: An umbrella systematic review. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 102(3), 763–775.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rankin, J., Matthews, L., Cobley, S., Han, A., Sanders, R., Wiltshire, H. D., & Baker, J. S. (2016). Psychological consequences of childhood obesity: Psychiatric comorbidity and prevention. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 7, 125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rathus, J., & Miller, A. (2014). DBT skills manual for adolescents. New York, NY: Guilford Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Redlin, J., Miltenberger, R., Crosby, R., Wolff, G., & Stickney, M. (2002). Functional assessment of binge eating in a clinical sample of obese binge eaters. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 7(2), 106–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ritsner, M. S. (2011). Handbook of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, volume III: Therapeutic approaches, comorbidity, and outcomes. New York, NY: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Rizvi, S., & Ritschel, L. (2014). Mastering the art of chain analysis in dialectical behavior therapy. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 21(3), 335–349.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodebaugh, T. L., Holaway, R. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (2004). The treatment of social anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 24, 883–908.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenfarb, I. S. (2013). A functional analysis of schizophrenia. The Psychological Record, 63(4), 929–946.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M., Moffitt, T. E., & Caspi, A. (2006). Gene–environment interplay and psychopathology: Multiple varieties but real effects. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(3–4), 226–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Safren, S. A., Sprich, S., Chulvick, S., & Otto, M. W. (2004, June). Psychosocial treatments for adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 27, 349–360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Selten, J., van der Ven, E., Rutten, B. P., & Cantor-Graae, E. (2013). The social defeat hypothesis of schizophrenia: An update. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 39(6), 1180–1186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smink, F. R., Van Hoeken, D., & Hoek, H. W. (2012). Epidemiology of eating disorders: Incidence, prevalence and mortality rates. Current Psychiatry Reports, 14(4), 406–414.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spence, S. H., & Rapee, R. M. (2016). The etiology of social anxiety disorder: An evidence-based model. Behavior Research and Therapy, 86, 50–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sprong, M. E., Griffiths, M. D., Lloyd, D. P., Paul, E., & Buono, F. D. (2019). Comparison of the video game functional assessment-revised (VGFA-R) and internet gaming disorder test (IGD-20). Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stark, K., Sander, J., Yancy, M., Bronik, M., & Hoke, J. (2000). Treatment of depression in childhood and adolescence: Cognitive-behavioral procedures for the individual and the family. In Child and adolescent therapy: Cognitive-behavioral procedures. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steiner, H., & Remsing, L. (2007). Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with oppositional defiant disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(1), 126–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stice, E., Marti, C. N., Shaw, H., & Jaconis, M. (2009). An 8-year longitudinal study of the natural history of threshold, subthreshold, and partial eating disorders from a community sample of adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118(3), 587.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stanger, C., Lansing, A. H., & Budney, A. J. (2016). Advances in research on contingency management for adolescent substance use. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 25(4), 645–659.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sturmey, P. (2009). Behavioral activation is an evidenced based treatment for depression. Behavior Modification, 33(6), 818–829.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sugaya, N., Shirasaka, T., Takahashi, K., & Kanda, H. (2019). Bio-psychosocial factors of children and adolescents with internet gaming disorder: A systematic review. BioPsychoSocial Medicine, 13(1), 3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sugerman, H. J., Sugerman, E. L., DeMaria, E. J., Kellum, J. M., Kennedy, C., Mowery, Y., & Wolfe, L. G. (2003). Bariatric surgery for severely obese adolescents. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 7(1), 102–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swanson, S. A., Crow, S. J., Le Grange, D., Swendsen, J., & Merikangas, K. R. (2011). Prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in adolescents: Results from the national comorbidity survey replication adolescent supplement. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68(7), 714–723.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swendsen, J., Burstein, M., Case, B., Conway, K. P., Dierker, L., He, J., & Merikangas, K. R. (2012). Use and abuse of alcohol and illicit drugs in US adolescents: Results of the national comorbidity survey–adolescent supplement. Archives of General Psychiatry, 69(4), 390–398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tindall, L., Mikocka-Walus, A., McMillan, D., Wright, B., Hewitt, C., & Gascoyne, S. (2017). Is behavioral activation effective in the treatment of depression in young people? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychology and Psychotherapy, 90(4), 770–796.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, R., Sanders, S., Doust, J., Beller, E., & Glasziou, P. (2015, April 1). Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 135, e994–e1001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tolin, D. (2010). Is cognitive-behavioral therapy more effective than other therapies? A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 710–720.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, B., Austin, S., & Chapman, A. (2014). Treating non-suicidal self-injury: A systematic review of the psychological and pharmacological interventions. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 59(11), 576–585.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2012). The surgeon general’s vision for a healthy and fit nation. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, B. (2006). Treating self-injury: A practical guide. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilber, M. K., & Potenza, M. N. (2006). Adolescent gambling: Research and clinical implications. Psychiatry (Edgmont), 3(10), 40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilder, D. A., Masuda, A., O’Connor, C., & Baham, M. (2001). Brief functional analysis and treatment of bizarre vocalizations in an adult with schizophrenia. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 34(1), 65–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilfley, D. E., & Balantekin, K. N. (2018). Family-based behavioral interventions for childhood obesity. In Pediatric obesity (pp. 555–567). Cham, Switzerland: Humana press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, S. E., & Zahka, N. E. (2017). Treating somatic symptoms in children and adolescents. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolraich, M., Brown, L., Brown, R. T., DuPaul, G., Earls, M., Feldman, H. M., … Davidson, C. (2011, November). ADHD: Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Pediatrics, 128, 1007–1022.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woods, D. W., Piacentini, J. C., Chang, S. W., Deckersbach, T., Ginsburg, G. S., Peterson, A. L., … Wilhem, S. (2008). Managing Tourette syndrome: A behavioral intervention for children and adults. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Yoong, S. L., Stockings, E., Chai, L. K., Tzelepis, F., Wiggers, J., Oldmeadow, C., … Attia, J. (2018). Prevalence of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use among youth globally: A systematic review and meta-analysis of country level data. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 42(3), 303–308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zajac, K., Ginley, M. K., Chang, R., & Petry, N. M. (2017). Treatments for internet gaming disorder and internet addiction: A systematic review. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 31(8), 979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jill C. Fodstad .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Fodstad, J.C., Grant, L., Butler, M.A., Lagges, A., Rodríguez, G.M., Blake, H. (2021). Research on Nature, Prevalence, and Characteristics in Mental Health Disorders and Functional Assessment. In: Matson, J.L. (eds) Functional Assessment for Challenging Behaviors and Mental Health Disorders. Autism and Child Psychopathology Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66270-7_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics