Abstract
The recent advancement of computing paradigm named “Fog Computing” helps to satisfy the real-time latency sensitive, geo-distributed applications that requires high computational demand. Fog computing function as a middle layer in-between sensors and IoT that brings computation, storage and network functionality of cloud. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis and challenges in fog computing and provides a taxonomy of these challenges and properties with their research challenges and future research directions.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Stojmenovic, I. (2014, November). Fog computing: A cloud to the ground support for smart things and machine-to-machine networks. In 2014 Australasian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ATNAC) (pp. 117–122). IEEE.
Yangui, S., Ravindran, P., Bibani, O., Glitho, R. H., Hadj-Alouane, N. B., Morrow, M. J., & Polakos, P. A. (2016, June). A platform as-a-service for hybrid cloud/fog environments. In 2016 IEEE International Symposium on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks (LANMAN) (pp. 1–7). IEEE.
Zhu, X., Chan, D. S., Hu, H., Prabhu, M. S., Ganesan, E., & Bonomi, F. (2015). Improving video performance with edge servers in the fog computing architecture. Intel Technology Journal, 19(1).
Mahmud, R., Kotagiri, R., & Buyya, R. (2018). Fog computing: A taxonomy, survey and future directions. In Internet of everything (pp. 103–130). Singapore: Springer.
Bonomi, F., Milito, R., Zhu, J., & Addepalli, S. (2012, August). Fog computing and its role in the internet of things. In Proceedings of the First Edition of the MCC Workshop on Mobile Cloud Computing (pp. 13–16).
Cau, E., Corici, M., Bellavista, P., Foschini, L., Carella, G., Edmonds, A., & Bohnert, T. M. (2016, March). Efficient exploitation of mobile edge computing for virtualized 5G in EPC architectures. In 2016 4th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Cloud Computing, Services, and Engineering (MobileCloud) (pp. 100–109). IEEE.
Aazam, M., & Huh, E. N. (2015, March). Fog computing micro datacenter based dynamic resource estimation and pricing model for IoT. In 2015 IEEE 29th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (pp. 687–694). IEEE.
Lee, W., Nam, K., Roh, H. G., & Kim, S. H. (2016, January). A gateway based fog computing architecture for wireless sensors and actuator networks. In 2016 18th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT) (pp. 210–213). IEEE.
Jalali, F., Hinton, K., Ayre, R., Alpcan, T., & Tucker, R. S. (2016). Fog computing may help to save energy in cloud computing. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 34(5), 1728–1739.
Zhu, J., Chan, D. S., Prabhu, M. S., Natarajan, P., Hu, H., & Bonomi, F. (2013, March). Improving web sites performance using edge servers in fog computing architecture. In 2013 IEEE Seventh International Symposium on Service-Oriented System Engineering (pp. 320–323). IEEE.
Cardellini, V., Grassi, V., Presti, F. L., & Nardelli, M. (2015, July). On QoS-aware scheduling of data stream applications over fog computing infrastructures. In 2015 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communication (ISCC) (pp. 271–276). IEEE.
Dsouza, C., Ahn, G. J., & Taguinod, M. (2014, August). Policy-driven security management for fog computing: Preliminary framework and a case study. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 15th International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration (IEEE IRI 2014) (pp. 16–23). IEEE.
Kumar, M.S., & Raja, M.I. (2018).A review on utilizing queuing models for improving performance in cloud. Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems, 10(14), 1730–1741.
Peng, M., Yan, S., Zhang, K., & Wang, C. (2016). Fog-computing-based radio access networks: Issues and challenges. IEEE Network, 30(4), 46–53.
Hou, X., Li, Y., Chen, M., Wu, D., Jin, D., & Chen, S. (2016). Vehicular fog computing: A viewpoint of vehicles as the infrastructures. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 65(6), 3860–3873.
Ye, D., Wu, M., Tang, S., & Yu, R. (2016, June). Scalable fog computing with service offloading in bus networks. In 2016 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Cyber Security and Cloud Computing (CSCloud) (pp. 247–251). IEEE.
Oueis, J., Strinati, E. C., & Barbarossa, S. (2015, May). The fog balancing: Load distribution for small cell cloud computing. In 2015 IEEE 81st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring) (pp. 1–6). IEEE.
Al Faruque, M. A., & Vatanparvar, K. (2015). Energy management-as-a-service over fog computing platform. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 3(2), 161–169.
Shi, H., Chen, N., & Deters, R. (2015, December). Combining mobile and fog computing: Using coap to link mobile device clouds with fog computing. In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Data Intensive Systems (pp. 564–571). IEEE.
Hong, K., Lillethun, D., Ramachandran, U., Ottenwälder, B., & Koldehofe, B. (2013, August). Mobile fog: A programming model for large-scale applications on the internet of things. In Proceedings of the Second ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Mobile Cloud Computing (pp. 15–20).
Nazmudeen, M. S. H., Wan, A. T., & Buhari, S. M. (2016, September). Improved throughput for power line communication (plc) for smart meters using fog computing based data aggregation approach. In 2016 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2) (pp. 1–4). IEEE.
Truong, N. B., Lee, G. M., & Ghamri-Doudane, Y. (2015, May). Software defined networking-based vehicular adhoc network with fog computing. In 2015 IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM) (pp. 1202–1207). IEEE.
Intharawijitr, K., Iida, K., & Koga, H. (2016, March). Analysis of fog model considering computing and communication latency in 5G cellular networks. In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communication Workshops (PerCom Workshops) (pp. 1–4). IEEE.
Oueis, J., Strinati, E. C., Sardellitti, S., & Barbarossa, S. (2015, September). Small cell clustering for efficient distributed fog computing: A multi-user case. In 2015 IEEE 82nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2015-Fall) (pp. 1–5). IEEE.
Giang, N. K., Blackstock, M., Lea, R., & Leung, V. C. (2015, October). Developing IoT applications in the fog: A distributed dataflow approach. In 2015 5th International Conference on the Internet of Things (IOT) (pp. 155–162). IEEE.
Gu, L., Zeng, D., Guo, S., Barnawi, A., & Xiang, Y. (2015). Cost efficient resource management in fog computing supported medical cyber-physical system. IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing, 5(1), 108–119.
Hassan, M. A., Xiao, M., Wei, Q., & Chen, S. (2015, June). Help your mobile applications with fog computing. In 2015 12th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking-Workshops (SECON Workshops) (pp. 1–6). IEEE.
Zeng, D., Gu, L., Guo, S., Cheng, Z., & Yu, S. (2016). Joint optimization of task scheduling and image placement in fog computing supported software-defined embedded system. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 65(12), 3702–3712.
Deng, R., Lu, R., Lai, C., Luan, T. H., & Liang, H. (2016). Optimal workload allocation in fog-cloud computing toward balanced delay and power consumption. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 3(6), 1171–1181.
Datta, S. K., Bonnet, C., & Haerri, J. (2015, June). Fog computing architecture to enable consumer centric internet of things services. In 2015 International Symposium on Consumer Electronics (ISCE) (pp. 1–2). IEEE.
Aazam, M., & Huh, E. N. (2014, August). Fog computing and smart gateway based communication for cloud of things. In 2014 International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud (pp. 464–470). IEEE.
Gazis, V., Leonardi, A., Mathioudakis, K., Sasloglou, K., Kikiras, P., & Sudhaakar, R. (2015, June). Components of fog computing in an industrial internet of things context. In 2015 12th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking-Workshops (SECON Workshops) (pp. 1–6). IEEE.
Cirani, S., Ferrari, G., Iotti, N., & Picone, M. (2015, June). The IoT hub: A fog node for seamless management of heterogeneous connected smart objects. In 2015 12th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking-Workshops (SECON Workshops) (pp. 1–6). IEEE.
Aazam, M., St-Hilaire, M., Lung, C. H., & Lambadaris, I. (2016, January). PRE-fog: IoT trace based probabilistic resource estimation at fog. In 2016 13th IEEE Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC) (pp. 12–17). IEEE.
Aazam, M., St-Hilaire, M., Lung, C. H., & Lambadaris, I. (2016, May). MeFoRE: QoE based resource estimation at fog to enhance QoS in IoT. In 2016 23rd International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT) (pp. 1–5). IEEE.
Mani, S. K., & Meenakshisundaram, I. (2020). Improving quality‐of‐service in fog computing through efficient resource allocation. Computational Intelligence.
Kumar, M. S., & Raja, M. I. (2020). A queuing theory model for e-health cloud applications. International Journal of Internet Technology and Secured Transactions, 10(5), 585–600.
Do, C. T., Tran, N. H., Pham, C., Alam, M. G. R., Son, J. H., & Hong, C. S. (2015, January). A proximal algorithm for joint resource allocation and minimizing carbon footprint in geo-distributed fog computing. In 2015 International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN) (pp. 324–329). IEEE.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Sathish Kumar, M., Iyapparaja, M. (2021). Fog Computing: State-of-Art, Open Issues, Challenges and Future Directions. In: Favorskaya, M.N., Peng, SL., Simic, M., Alhadidi, B., Pal, S. (eds) Intelligent Computing Paradigm and Cutting-edge Technologies. ICICCT 2020. Learning and Analytics in Intelligent Systems, vol 21. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65407-8_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65407-8_27
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-65406-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-65407-8
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)