Skip to main content

Low-Carbon Development: An Idea Whose Time Has Come—Unlocking Climate Cooperation Between India and the EU

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
EU-India Relations

Part of the book series: Contributions to International Relations ((CIR))

  • 498 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter deals with the bilateral climate relations emerging in the context of the EU-India Strategic Partnership. As will be argued here, climate policy as a more recent policy field offers specific opportunities and incentives for Indian-European bilateral cooperation. This includes economic win-win potential in the field of green technologies and joint interest in dealing with global warming and climate change impacts. The concept of low-carbon development in India has now arrived, and gradually the conditions for enhanced cooperation on climate mitigation have improved. India’s climate policy paradigm has shifted, and the firewall, which had for a long time stood in the way of climate mitigation policies, has been breached. The co-benefits of climate mitigation have gained a foothold and have since 2008 been institutionalised in transformative policy frameworks structured towards low-carbon development. The EU, for her part, has offered structural collaboration, which fits into India’s low-carbon approach to renewable energy, and energy efficiency in infrastructure development. An opportunity structure enabling the collaboration between the supranational EU and India’s federal state is the emergence of multi-level governance with interconnected institutions and involving public and private actors working at different governmental levels in climate relations and in various low-carbon projects.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    Regarding India’s climate diplomacy towards the EU see Jayaram’s contribution in this volume.

References

  • Amin, Jayaraj. 2019. European development policy with special reference to India. In Challenges in Europe: Indian perspectives, ed. Gulshan Sachdeva, 321–339. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aspengren, Henrik Chetan, and Axel Nordenstam. 2019. Now is the time to scale up cooperation between India and the EU. The Economic Times, August 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandyopadhyay, Kaushik Ranjan, Madhura Joshi, and Rainer Quitzow. 2020. Sustainable energy: Prospects and challenges. In Environmental policy in India, eds. Natalia Ciecierska-Holmes, Kirsten Jörgensen, Lana Laura Ollier, and D. Raghunandan, 133–157. Routledge studies in environmental policy. Abingdon, Oxon and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beermann, Jan, Appukuttan Damodoran, Kirsten Jörgensen, and Miranda A. Schreurs. 2016. Climate action in Indian cities: An emerging new research area. Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences 13 (1): 55–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2015.1130723.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Behuria, Pritish. 2020. The politics of late development in renewable energy sectors: Dependency and contradictory tensions in India’s National Solar Mission. World Development 126 (104726). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104726.

  • Dubash, Navroz K. 2013. The politics of climate change in India: Narratives of equity and cobenefits. WIREs Climate Change 4 (3): 191–201. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dubash, Navroz K. 2020. Revisiting climate ambition: The case for prioritizing current action over future intent. WIREs Climate Change 11 (e622). https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.622.

  • Dubash, Navroz K., and Shibani Gosh. 2019. National climate policies and institutions. In India in a Warming World: Integrating climate change and development, ed. Navroz K. Dubash, 329–348. New Delhi: Oxford University Press India.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubash, Navroz K., Radhika Khosla, Ulka Kelkar, and Sharachchandra Lele. 2018. India and climate change: Evolving ideas and increasing policy engagement. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 43 (1): 395–424. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-102017-025809.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dubash, Navroz K., D. Raghunandan, Girish Sant, and Ashok Sreenivas. 2013. Indian climate change policy: Exploring a co-benefits based approach. Economic & Political Weekly 48 (22): 47–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dupont, Claire. 2019. The EU’s collective securitisation of climate change. West European Politics 42 (2): 369–390. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2018.1510199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. 2020. India—Trade—European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/countries/india/. Accessed 21 June 2020.

  • European Investment Bank. 2017. EIB partners with International Solar Alliance and confirms EUR 800 million support for renewable energy. https://www.eib.org/en/press/all/2017-266-eib-partners-with-international-solar-alliance-and-confirms-eur-800-million-support-for-indian-renewable-energy. Accessed 21 June 2020.

  • European Investment Bank. 2020. Climate and environment. https://www.eib.org/en/about/priorities/climate-and-environment/index.htm. Accessed 21 June 2020.

  • European Union. 2007. Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community, signed at Lisbon, 13 December 2007. Official Journal of the European Union. Notice No. 2017/C 306. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:C:2007:306:FULL&from=EN. Accessed 11 October 2020.

  • Falkner, Robert. 2016. The Paris Agreement and the new logic of international climate politics. International Affairs 92 (5): 1107–1125. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12708.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes, Denise, Kirsten Jörgensen, and N.C. Narayanan. 2020. Factors shaping the climate policy process in India. In Environmental policy in India, eds. Natalia Ciecierska-Holmes, Kirsten Jörgensen, Lana Laura Ollier, and D. Raghunandan, 158–173. Abingdon, Oxon and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geden, Oliver, Vivian Scott, and James Palmer. 2018. Integrating carbon dioxide removal into EU climate policy: Prospects for a paradigm shift. WIREs Climate Change 9 (e521). https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.521.

  • Gosh, Arunabha. 2019. Making sense on its own terms: India in the HFC and Aviation negotiations. In India in a Warming World: Integrating climate change and development, ed. Navroz K. Dubash, 231–249. New Delhi: Oxford University Press India.

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of India. 2015. India’s intended nationally determined contribution: Working towards climate justice. http://www4.unfccc.int/ndcregistry/PublishedDocuments/India%20First/INDIA%20INDC%20TO%20UNFCCC.pdf. Accessed 26 March 2018.

  • Graham, Peter, and Rajan Rawal. 2019. Achieving the 2°C goal: The potential of India’s building sector. Building Research & Information 47 (1): 108–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2018.1495803.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gröning, Pierre-Michael. 2012. Die politischen und wirtschaftlichen Beziehungen zwischen der Europäischen Union und Indien. Strategische Partnerschaft oder freundliches Desinteresse? Wissenschaftliche Schriften der WWU Münster, Vol. 7. Münster: Verl.-Haus Monsenstein und Vannerdat.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isaksen, Kari-Anne, and Kristian Stokke. 2014. Changing climate discourse and politics in India: Climate change as challenge and opportunity for diplomacy and development. Geoforum 57: 110–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2014.08.019.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jänicke, Martin. 2012. Dynamic governance of clean-energy markets: How technical innovation could accelerate climate policies. Journal of Cleaner Production 22 (1): 50–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.09.006.

  • Jänicke, Martin, and Rainer Quitzow. 2017. Multi-level reinforcement in European climate and energy governance: Mobilizing economic interests at the sub-national levels. Environmental Policy and Governance 27 (2): 122–136. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1748.

  • Jörgensen, Kirsten. 2020. The role India’s states play in environmental policymaking. In Environmental policy in India, eds. Natalia Ciecierska-Holmes, Kirsten Jörgensen, Lana Laura Ollier and D. Raghunanda, 39–59. Abingdon, Oxon and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jörgensen, Kirsten, Arabinda Mishra, and Gopal K. Sarangi. 2015. Multi-level climate governance in India: The role of the states in climate action planning and renewable energies. Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences 12 (4): 267–283. https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2015.1093507.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jörgensen, Kirsten, and Christian Wagner. 2017. Low carbon governance in multi-level structures: EU-India relations on energy and climate. Environmental Policy and Governance 27 (2): 137–148. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1749.

  • Keukeleire, Stephan, and Hans Bruyninckx. 2011. The European Union, the BRICs, and the emerging new world order. In International relations of the European Union, eds. Christopher Hill and Michael Smith, 2nd ed, 380–403. The new European Union series. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khandekar, Gauri. 2018. The EU and India: Redefining a strategic partnership: ISPI commentary. Italian Institute for International Political Studies. https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/eu-and-india-redefining-strategic-partnership-21422. Accessed 3 July 2020.

  • Khosla, Radhika, and Ankit Bhardwaj. 2019. Urbanization in the time of climate change: Examining the response of Indian cities. WIREs Climate Change 10 (e560). https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.560.

  • Kohli, Atul, and Prerna Singh (eds.). 2013. Routledge handbook of Indian politics. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lavasa, Ashok. 2019. Reaching agreement in Paris: A negotiator’s perspective. In India in a Warming World: Integrating climate change and development, ed. Navroz K. Dubash, 169–186. New Delhi: Oxford University Press India.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandal, Koyel Kumar. 2019. Climate finance. In India in a Warming World: Integrating climate change and development, ed. Navroz K. Dubash, 381–398. New Delhi: Oxford University Press India.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathur, Ajay. 2019. India and Paris: A pragmatic way forward. In India in a Warming World: Integrating climate change and development, ed. Navroz K. Dubash, 222–229. New Delhi: Oxford University Press India.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michaelowa, Katharina, and Axel Michaelowa. 2012. India as an emerging power in international climate negotiations. Climate Policy 12 (5): 575–590. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2012.691226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oberthür, Sebastian, and Claire Roche Kelly. 2008. EU leadership in international climate policy: Achievements and challenges. The International Spectator 43 (3): 35–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/03932720802280594.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Planning Commission. 2014. The final report of the expert group on low carbon strategies for inclusive growth. Planning Commission Government of India. https://cstep.in/drupal/sites/default/files/201902/CSTEP_Low_Carbon_Strategies_for_Inclusive_Growth_Report_2014.pdf. Accessed 3 July 2020.

  • Planning Commission of India. 2013. Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012–2017) faster, more inclusive and sustainable growth. Planning Commission Government of India. http://planningcommission.gov.in/plans/planrel/12thplan/pdf/12fyp_vol1.pdf. Accessed 6 March 2018.

  • Raghunandan, D. 2020. Factors shaping India’s international climate policy. In Environmental policy in India, eds. Natalia Ciecierska-Holmes, Kirsten Jörgensen, Lana Laura Ollier, and D. Raghunandan, 203–224. Routledge studies in environmental policy. Abingdon, Oxon and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • REN21. 2020. Renewables 2020 global status report. REN21: Secretariat. https://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/gsr_2020_full_report_en.pdf. Accessed 21 June 2020.

  • Roy, Ashim, Benny Kuruvilla, and Ankit Bhardwaj. 2019. Energy and climate change: A just transition for Indian labour. In India in a Warming World: Integrating climate change and development, ed. Navroz K. Dubash, 284–300. New Delhi: Oxford University Press India.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saerbeck, Barbara, Kirsten Jörgensen, and Martin Jänicke. 2017. Multi-level climate governance: The global system and selected sub-systems. Environmental Policy and Governance 27 (2): 105–107. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1746.

  • Sagar, Ambuj. 2019. Managing the climate technology transition. In India in a Warming World: Integrating climate change and development, ed. Navroz K. Dubash, 399–426. New Delhi: Oxford University Press India.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sant, Girish, and Ashwin Gambhir. 2012. Energy, development and climate change. In Handbook of climate change and India: Development, politics, and governance, ed. Navroz K. Dubash, 289–302. Abingdon, Oxon and New York: Earthscan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schreurs, Miranda, and Yves Tiberghien. 2010. European Union leadership in climate change: Mitigation through multilevel reinforcement. In Global commons, domestic decisions: The comparative politics of climate change, eds. Kathryn Harrison and Lisa McIntosh Sundstrom, 23–66. Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sengupta, Sandeep. 2019. India’s engagement in global climate negotiations from Rio to Paris. In India in a Warming World: Integrating climate change and development, ed. Navroz K. Dubash, 114–140. New Delhi: Oxford University Press India.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singhal, S., and Sourabh Jain. 2020. Smart sustainable cities. In Environmental policy in India, ed. Natalia Ciecierska-Holmes, Kirsten Jörgensen, Lana Laura Ollier, and D. Raghunandan, 174–200. Routledge studies in environmental policy. Abingdon, Oxon and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Torney, Diarmuid. 2015. Bilateral climate cooperation: The EU’s relations with China and India. Global Environmental Politics 15 (1): 105–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Torney, Diarmuid. 2020. India’s relations with the EU on environmental policy. In Environmental policy in India, eds. Natalia Ciecierska-Holmes, Kirsten Jörgensen, Lana Laura Ollier, and D. Raghunandan, 225–240. Routledge studies in environmental policy. Abingdon, Oxon, New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Upadhyay, Dinoj Kumar. 2012. EU–India energy cooperation: Promoting renewable sources and widening commitments. In The EU–India partnership: Time to go strategic, ed. Luis Peral and Vijay Sakhuja, 75–86. Paris: The European Union Institute for Security Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogler, John. 2013. Changing conceptions of climate and energy security in Europe. Environmental Politics 22 (4): 627–645. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2013.806634.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • von Muenchow-Pohl, Bernd. 2012. India and Europe in a multipolar world. The Carnegie Papers South Asia. https://carnegieendowment.org/2012/05/10/india-and-europe-in-multipolar-world-pub-48038. Accessed 3 July 2020.

  • Wälti, Sonja. 2010. Multi-level environmental governance. In Handbook on multi-level governance, ed. Henrik Enderlein, Michael Zürn, and Sonja Wälti, 411–422. Cheltenham, Northampton: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wülbers, Shazia Aziz. 2011. The paradox of EU-India relations: Missed opportunities in politics, economics, development cooperation, and culture. Lanham: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wurzel, Rüdiger, and James Connelly. 2011a. The European Union as a leader in international climate change politics. London, New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wurzel, Rüdiger, and James Connelly. 2011b. Introduction: European Union political leadership in international climate change politics. In The European Union as a leader in international climate change politics, ed. Rüdiger Wurzel and James Connelly, 3–20. London and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wurzel, Rüdiger, James Connelly, and Duncan Liefferink. 2017. The European Union in international climate change politics: Still taking a lead? London and New York: Routledge and Taylor & Francis Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zito, Anthony R. 2000. Creating environmental policy in the European Union. Basingstoke: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kirsten Jörgensen .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Jörgensen, K. (2021). Low-Carbon Development: An Idea Whose Time Has Come—Unlocking Climate Cooperation Between India and the EU. In: Gieg, P., Lowinger, T., Pietzko, M., Zürn, A., Bava, U.S., Müller-Brandeck-Bocquet, G. (eds) EU-India Relations. Contributions to International Relations. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65044-5_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics