Abstract
Anthropogenic global change threatens the Earth’s biodiversity, with the future of plants utilizing carbon-concentrating mechanisms (CCM) being of particular concern. Here, we discuss global change effects on plants utilizing CCMs, relative to plants using the C3 photosynthesis pathway. Terrestrial CCMs include the C4, CAM and C2 photosynthetic pathways, which are collectively utilized by 10% of the world’s plant flora. They are considered at risk because CCMs are adaptations to low CO2 atmospheres which become superfluous at elevated CO2. Rising atmospheric CO2 represents one form of anthropogenic global change, along with climate change, land transformation, over-exploitation of natural species, terrestrial eutrophication, and exotic species invasions. While rising CO2 favors the physiology of C3 over C4 photosynthesis in warmer temperatures, in natural stands where multiple global change drivers are active, outcomes often do not follow what would be predicted from physiological responses. Based on present trends, which already include CO2 enrichment effects, the natural diversity of the C4, CAM and the C2 functional types is declining. A leading cause is aggressive infilling of grassland habitats by woody C3 competitors or invasive species. Woody infilling is the result of a combination of drivers including rising CO2, overgrazing, overhunting of browsers, and land use change.
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Sage, R.F., Stata, M. (2021). Chapter 8 Terrestrial CO2-Concentrating Mechanisms in a High CO2 World. In: Becklin, K.M., Ward, J.K., Way, D.A. (eds) Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Climate Change . Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 48. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64926-5_8
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