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Role of Bacteria in the Development of Cancer

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Colon Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

Abstract

Cancer is a cellular state where normal growth and survival of the cells are altered by a series of genetic changes. These changes can be induced by different factors, internal as well as external. Microbial infections are one of the major external factors and estimated to be responsible for 20% of the human cancers. These are mainly caused by viruses, but other microbes like bacteria, molds, or helminths are also reported to play an important role. Colorectal cancers (CRCs) are the third most common type of cancers in terms of number of cases. Almost 10% of all new cancer cases belong to this category. The intestine is a home for a large number of bacteria, which forms one of the most intimate relationships with humans. While mostly this relationship is considered beneficial, yet it is naïve to think that it is always that way. Recent studies showed involvement of some intestinal microbiota in cancer formations in the colon. Important mechanisms of bacterial induction of cancers are modulation and evasion of immune response, induction of chronic inflammation, activation of specific signaling pathways, and production of carcinogenic toxins or effector proteins. This present review tries to summarize the available knowledge about the relationship between cancer induction and bacteria, with special emphasis on colon cancer.

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Abbreviations

AIEC:

Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli

BFT:

Bacteroides fragilis toxin

CDT:

Cytolethal distending toxin

DSBs:

Double-stranded DNA breaks

EPEC:

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

ETBF:

Enterotoxigenic B. fragilis

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

NTBF:

Non-toxigenic B. fragilis

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Government Bilasa Girls College, Bilaspur, CG, India

    Archana Mishra

  2. Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, CG, India

    Vibhay Nath Tripathi

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  1. Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India

    Naveen Kumar Vishvakarma

  2. Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India

    Dhananjay Shukla

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Mishra, A., Tripathi, V.N. (2021). Role of Bacteria in the Development of Cancer. In: Vishvakarma, N.K., Nagaraju, G.P., Shukla, D. (eds) Colon Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64668-4_5

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