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Mapping Groundwater Recharge Potential Zones Using GIS Approaches and Trend of Water Table Fluctuation in Birbhum District, West Bengal, India

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Geostatistics and Geospatial Technologies for Groundwater Resources in India

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Abstract

Constant population expansion, continuous monsoon failure and over-exploitation put tremendous pressure on groundwater resources leading to its gradual reduction. In Birbhum district,demand for groundwater resources has increased tremendouslydue to continuous population expansions and extensive agriculture practices. In this context, our present research work is carried out in the perspective of delineation of potential groundwater recharge zones (GRPZ) in Birbhum district. Three different models namely knowledge-driven method (KDM), multi-influencing factor technique (MIF) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) are implemented in the present study. Ten different factors that influence the groundwater recharge i.e., geology, geomorphology, rainfall, aquifer material, drainage density, soil type, lineament and fault density, slope, elevation and landuse/landcover are integrated into ArcGIS environment to derive the potential groundwater recharge zone (PGWR) zone. The model outputs are validated with success rate curve (SRC), prediction rate curve (PRC) and water-table fluctuation (WTF) data of 181 monitoring wells. The SRC implemented shows a prediction rate of 82.14%, 79.85% and 75.07% for MIF, KDM and AHP respectively suggesting the superiority of MIF techniques in comparison to other modelling. The Wilcoxon-signed rank test and results of map comparison show a significant difference (at a 5% significance level) in prediction among the models. The time series model used to investigate the WTF trend for past 23 years shows a significant declining trend water-table depth. Construction of various recharge structures at an appropriate location is suggested which must be preceded with details field investigations. The outcomes of the study can be useful resource for the policymakers, planners, government officials and leaders for the implementation of groundwater recharge projects in the future.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are very grateful to the SERB, India for financial assistance in the project (project No. SB/ES-687/2013 dated 24.03.2015) and also acknowledge DST, Govt. of India for providing financial support to setup a sophisticated laboratory in the Department of Environmental Science under FIST programme. The authors would also like to thank Central Ground Water Board, Survey of India and Geological Survey of India for their help and support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, 713104, India

    Raju Thapa, Srimanta Gupta & Harjeet Kaur

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  1. Raju Thapa
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  2. Srimanta Gupta
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Correspondence to Srimanta Gupta .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Indian Institute of Water Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Partha Pratim Adhikary

  2. Raja N. L. Khan Women’s College (Autonomous), Vidyasagar University, Medinipur, West Bengal, India

    Pravat Kumar Shit

  3. Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI), Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India

    Priyabrata Santra

  4. Randstad India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India

    Gouri Sankar Bhunia

  5. School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

    Ashwani Kumar Tiwari

  6. Department of Geophysics, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India

    B. S. Chaudhary

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Thapa, R., Gupta, S., Kaur, H. (2021). Mapping Groundwater Recharge Potential Zones Using GIS Approaches and Trend of Water Table Fluctuation in Birbhum District, West Bengal, India. In: Adhikary, P.P., Shit, P.K., Santra, P., Bhunia, G.S., Tiwari, A.K., Chaudhary, B.S. (eds) Geostatistics and Geospatial Technologies for Groundwater Resources in India. Springer Hydrogeology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62397-5_23

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