Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by progressive loss of bone mass and qualitative changes in microarchitecture, resulting in high prevalence of fragility fractures. The disease is most common in older ladies, but older men and younger people with some chronic diseases or medications are also involved. Osteoporosis yearly causes more than nine million fractures in the world, followed by enormous medical and social costs, higher mortality, and decreased quality of life. However, established methods for diagnosis and treatment have been developed in the last decades, ensuring good chance for fracture prevention.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Suggested Reading
Blake G, Adams JE, Bishop N. Chapter 30: DXA in adults and children. In: Rosen CJ, editor. Primer on the metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism. 8th ed. Somerset: Wiley; 2013. p. 249–63.
Compston J, Cooper A, Cooper C, Gittoes N, Gregson C, Harvey N, Hope S, Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Poole KES, Reid DM, Selby P, Thompson F, Thurston A, Vine N. UK clinical guideline for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Arch Osteoporos. 2017;12:43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-017-0324-5.
Cummings SR, San Martin J, McClung MR, Siris ES, Eastell R, Reid IR, Delmas P, Zoog HB, Austin M, Wang A, Kutilek S, Adami S, Zanchetta J, Libanati C, Siddhanti S, Christiansen C. Denosumab for prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:756–65. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0809493.
Eekman DA, van Helden SH, Huisman AM, Verhaar HJ, Bultink IE, Geusens PP, Lips P, Lems WF. Optimizing fracture prevention: the fracture liaison service, an observational study. Osteoporos Int. 2014;25:701–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-013-2481-8.
Kanis JA, Harvey NC, Cooper C, Johansson H, Oden A, McCloskey EV. A systematic review of intervention thresholds based on FRAX: a report prepared for the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group and the International Osteoporosis Foundation. Arch Osteoporos. 2016;11:25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-016-0278-z.
Kanis JA, Harvey NC, McCloskey E, Bruyère O, Veronese N, Lorentzon M, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Adib G, Al-Daghri N, Campusano C, Chandran M, Dawson-Hughes B, Javaid K, Jiwa F, Johansson H, Lee JK, Liu E, Messina D, Mkinsi O, Pinto D, Prieto-Alhambra D, Saag K, Xia W, Zakraoui L, Reginster J-Y. Algorithm for the management of patients at low/middle/high risk of osteoporotic fracture: a global perspective. Osteoporos Int. 2019;31:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-019-05176-3.
Kanis JA, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Reginster JY. European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2019;30:3–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-018-4704-5.
Kraenzlin ME, Meier C. Parathyroid hormone analogues in the treatment of osteoporosis. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2011;7:647–56. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2011.108.
Rizzoli R, Burlet N, Cahall D, Delmas PD, Eriksen EF, Felsenberg D, Grbic J, Jontell M, Landesberg R, Laslop A, Wollenhaupt M, Papapoulos S, Sezer O, Sprafka M, Reginster JY. Osteonecrosis of the jaw and bisphosphonate treatment for osteoporosis. Bone. 2008;42:841–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2008.01.003.
University of Sheffield. FRAX fracture risk assessment tool. 2008. https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/FRAX/.
Watts NB. Fundamentals and pitfalls of bone densitometry using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Osteoporos Int. 2004;15:847–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-004-1681-7.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Horvath, C. (2021). Osteoporosis. In: Igaz, P. (eds) Practical Clinical Endocrinology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62011-0_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62011-0_24
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-62010-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-62011-0
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)