Skip to main content

Regenerating Image Caption with High-Level Semantics

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Intelligent Computing Methodologies (ICIC 2020)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 12465))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 1137 Accesses

Abstract

Automatically describing an image with a sentence is a challenging task in the crossing area of computer vision and natural language processing. Most existing models generate image captions by an encoder-decoder process based on convolutional neural network (CNN) and recurrent neural network (RNN). However, such a process employs low level pixel-level feature vectors to generate sentences, which may lead to rough captions. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce high-level semantics to generate better captions, and we propose a two-stage image captioning model: (1) generate initial captions and extract high-level semantic information about images; (2) refine initial captions with the semantic information. Empirical tests show that our model achieves better performance than different baselines.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Devlin, J., Gupta, S., Girshick, R., Mitchell, M., Zitnick, C.L.: Exploring nearest neighbor approaches for image captioning. arXiv preprint arXiv:1505.04467 (2015)

  2. Hodosh, M., Young, P., Hockenmaier, J.: Framing image description as a ranking task: data, models and evaluation metrics. J. Artif. Intell. Res. 47, 853–899 (2013)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  3. Ordonez, V., Kulkarni, G., Berg, T.L.: Im2text: describing images using 1 million captioned photographs. In: Shawe-Taylor, J., Zemel, R.S., Bartlett, P.L., Pereira, F., Weinberger, K.Q. (eds.) Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 24, pp. 1143–1151. Curran Associates, Inc. (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Farhadi, A., et al.: Every picture tells a story: generating sentences from images. In: Daniilidis, K., Maragos, P., Paragios, N. (eds.) ECCV 2010. LNCS, vol. 6314, pp. 15–29. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15561-1_2

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  5. Kulkarni, G., et al.: Babytalk: understanding and generating simple image descriptions. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 35(12), 2891–2903 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Yang, Y., Teo, C.L., Daume III, H., Aloimonos, Y.: Corpus-guided sentence generation of natural images. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 444–454. Association for Computational Linguistics (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Jia, X., Gavves, E., Fernando, B., Tuytelaars, T.: Guiding the long-short term memory model for image caption generation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 2407–2415 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Vinyals, O., Toshev, A., Bengio, S., Erhan, D.: Show and tell: a neural image caption generator. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 3156–3164 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Xu, K., et al.: Show, attend and tell: Neural image caption generation with visual attention. In: International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 2048–2057 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Das, A., Agrawal, H., Zitnick, L., Parikh, D., Batra, D.: Human attention in visual question answering: do humans and deep networks look at the same regions? Comput. Vis. Image Underst. 163, 90–100 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Glotin, H., Zhao, Z.Q., Ayache, S.: Efficient image concept indexing by harmonic & arithmetic profiles entropy. In: 2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), pp. 277–280 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Zhao, Z.Q., Ming Cheung, Y., Hu, H., Wu, X.: Corrupted and occluded face recognition via cooperative sparse representation. Pattern Recogn. 56, 77–87 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Zhao, Z.Q., Gao, J., Glotin, H., Wu, X.: A matrix modular neural network based on task decomposition with subspace division by adaptive affinity propagation clustering. Appl. Math. Model. 34, 3884–3895 (2010)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Zhao, Z.Q., Glotin, H.: Diversifying image retrieval with affinity-propagation clustering on visual manifolds. IEEE MultiMed. 16, 34–43 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Zhao, Z.Q., Wu, X., Lu, C., Glotin, H., Gao, J.: Optimizing widths with PSO for center selection of gaussian radial basis function networks. Sci. Chin. Inf. Sci. 57, 1–17 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Zhao, Z.Q., Tao Xu, S., Liu, D., Tian, W., Jiang, Z.D.: A review of image set classification. Neurocomputing 335, 251–260 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Karpathy, A., Fei-Fei, L.: Deep visual-semantic alignments for generating image descriptions. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 3128–3137 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Ren, S., He, K., Girshick, R., Sun, J.: Faster R-CNN: towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 91–99 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Bahdanau, D., Cho, K., Bengio, Y.: Neural machine translation by jointly learning to align and translate. arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.0473 (2014)

  20. Vinyals, O., Toshev, A., Bengio, S., Erhan, D.: Show and tell: lessons learned from the 2015 MSCOCO image captioning challenge. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 39(4), 652–663 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Kim, J.H., On, K.W., Lim, W., Kim, J., Ha, J.W., Zhang, B.T.: Hadamard product for low rank bilinear pooling. arXiv preprint arXiv:1610.04325 (2016)

  22. Vedantam, R., Lawrence Zitnick, C., Parikh, D.: Cider: consensus-based image description evaluation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 4566–4575 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Papineni, K., Roukos, S., Ward, T., Zhu, W.J.: Bleu: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 311–318. Association for Computational Linguistics (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Lin, C.Y.: Rouge: a package for automatic evaluation of summaries. Text Summarization Branches Out (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Denkowski, M., Lavie, A.: Meteor universal: language specific translation evaluation for any target language. In: Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation, pp. 376–380 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Anderson, P., Fernando, B., Johnson, M., Gould, S.: SPICE: semantic propositional image caption evaluation. In: Leibe, B., Matas, J., Sebe, N., Welling, M. (eds.) ECCV 2016. LNCS, vol. 9909, pp. 382–398. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46454-1_24

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61672203, 61976079 & U1836102) and Anhui Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar (No. 170808J08).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wei-Dong Tian .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Tian, WD., Wang, NX., Sun, YL., Zhao, ZQ. (2020). Regenerating Image Caption with High-Level Semantics. In: Huang, DS., Premaratne, P. (eds) Intelligent Computing Methodologies. ICIC 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12465. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60796-8_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60796-8_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-60795-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-60796-8

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics