Abstract
With the advent of the blockchain technology, low throughput and scalability have gradually become technical bottlenecks. A DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph)-based blockchain system is deemed to be a potential solution to addressing both issues. However, constructing consensus protocol to meet the requirement of the consistency in a networked environment is an unsolved challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel DAG-oriented consensus mechanism. Specifically, our approach sorts and merges original blocks from a DAG structure and re-construct a single-chain-based blockchain system; hence, consensus in DAG can be achieved on new formed blocks through running the proposed global ordering scheme and block mergence operations. Blockchain-related functions can be retrieved from splitting merged blocks.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bartoletti, M., Zunino, R.: BitML: a calculus for bitcoin smart contracts. In: ACM SIGSAC Conference on CCS, Toronto, Canada, pp. 83–100 (2018)
Benčić, F., Žarko, I.: Distributed ledger technology: blockchain compared to directed acyclic graph. In: 38th ICDCS, Vienna, Austria, pp. 1569–1570. IEEE (2018)
Dinh, T., Liu, R., Zhang, M., et al.: Untangling blockchain: a data processing view of blockchain systems. IEEE TKDE 30(7), 1366–1385 (2018)
Gai, K., Choo, K., Qiu, M., Zhu, L.: Privacy-preserving content-oriented wireless communication in internet-of-things. IEEE IoT J. 5(4), 3059–3067 (2018)
Gai, K., Guo, J., Zhu, L., Yu, S.: Blockchain meets cloud computing: a survey. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials PP(99), 1 (2020)
Gai, K., Wu, Y., Zhu, L., Qiu, M., Shen, M.: Privacy-preserving energy trading using consortium blockchain in smart grid. IEEE TII 15(6), 3548–3558 (2019)
Gai, K., et al.: Permissioned blockchain and edge computing empowered privacy-preserving smart grid networks. IEEE IoT J. 6(5), 7992–8004 (2019)
Guo, J., Gai, K., Zhu, L., Zhang, Z.: An approach of secure two-way-pegged multi-sidechain. In: Wen, S., Zomaya, A., Yang, L.T. (eds.) ICA3PP 2019. LNCS, vol. 11945, pp. 551–564. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38961-1_47
Kosba, A., et al.: Hawk: the blockchain model of cryptography and privacy-preserving smart contracts. In: S & P, San Jose, CA, USA, pp. 839–858. IEEE (2016)
Lerner, S.: DagCoin: a cryptocurrency without blocks. White paper (2015)
Lewenberg, Y., Sompolinsky, Y., Zohar, A.: Inclusive block chain protocols. In: Böhme, R., Okamoto, T. (eds.) FC 2015. LNCS, vol. 8975, pp. 528–547. Springer, Heidelberg (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47854-7_33
Wan, Z., Cai, M., Lin, X., Yang, J.: Blockchain federation for complex distributed applications. In: Joshi, J., Nepal, S., Zhang, Q., Zhang, L.-J. (eds.) ICBC 2019. LNCS, vol. 11521, pp. 112–125. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23404-1_8
Xu, C., Wang, K., et al.: Making big data open in edges: a resource-efficient blockchain-based approach. IEEE TPDS 30(4), 870–882 (2018)
Zamani, M., Movahedi, M., Raykova, M.: RapidChain: scaling blockchain via full sharding. In: ACM SIGSAC Conference on CCS, Toronto, Canada, pp. 931–948 (2018)
Zander, M., Waite, T., Harz, D.: DAGsim: simulation of DAG-based distributed ledger protocols. ACM SIGMETRICS PER 46(3), 118–121 (2019)
Zhu, L., Wu, Y., Gai, K., Choo, K.: Controllable and trustworthy blockchain-based cloud data management. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 91, 527–535 (2019)
Acknowledgement
This work is partially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (Grant No. 4202068), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61972034), Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No. ZR2019ZD10), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Information Security (No. GCIS201803), Henan Key Laboratory of Network Cryptography Technology (Grant No. LNCT2019-A08), Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars (Dr. Keke Gai).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Gai, K., Hu, Z., Zhu, L., Wang, R., Zhang, Z. (2020). Blockchain Meets DAG: A BlockDAG Consensus Mechanism. In: Qiu, M. (eds) Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing. ICA3PP 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12454. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60248-2_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60248-2_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-60247-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-60248-2
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)