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Peroxisome: Metabolic Functions and Biogenesis

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Peroxisome Biology: Experimental Models, Peroxisomal Disorders and Neurological Diseases

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1299))

Abstract

Peroxisome is an organelle conserved in almost all eukaryotic cells with a variety of functions in cellular metabolism, including fatty acid β-oxidation, synthesis of ether glycerolipid plasmalogens, and redox homeostasis. Such metabolic functions and the exclusive importance of peroxisomes have been highlighted in fatal human genetic disease called peroxisomal biogenesis disorders (PBDs). Recent advances in this field have identified over 30 PEX genes encoding peroxins as essential factors for peroxisome biogenesis in various species from yeast to humans. Functional delineation of the peroxins has revealed that peroxisome biogenesis comprises the processes, involving peroxisomal membrane assembly, matrix protein import, division, and proliferation. Catalase, the most abundant peroxisomal enzyme, catalyzes decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Peroxisome plays pivotal roles in the cellular redox homeostasis and the response to oxidative stresses, depending on intracellular localization of catalase.

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Abbreviations

AGPS:

alkylglyceronephosphate synthase

AGT :

alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase

CHO :

Chinese hamster ovary

DHA:

docosahexaenoic acid

DHAPAT :

dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase

DLP1 :

dynamin-like protein 1

DYNAMO1 :

dynamin-based ring motive-force organizer 1

ER :

endoplasmic reticulum

Far1 :

fatty acyl-CoA reductase 1

H2O2 :

hydrogen peroxide

IRD :

infantile Refsum disease

MD :

mitochondrial division

Mff :

mitochondrial fission factor

NALD :

neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy

NDP kinase :

nucleoside diphosphate kinase

PBDs :

peroxisome biogenesis disorders

PlsEtn :

ethanolamine plasmalogen

PMP :

peroxisomal membrane protein

POD :

peroxisome-dividing

PTS :

peroxisomal targeting signal

RCDP :

rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata

ROS :

reactive oxygen species

TPR :

tetratricopeptide repeat

VDAC2 :

voltage-dependent anion channel 2

ZSDs :

Zellweger spectrum disorders

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Acknowledgements

We apologize to the colleagues in this field for not citing all their work due to space limitations.

This work was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research: JP24770130 (to K.O.), JP24570134 (to S.T.), JP26440102 and JP17K07337 (to M.H.), and JP24247038, JP25112518, JP25116717, JP 26116007, JP15K14511, JP15K21743, and JP117H03675 (to Y.F.) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, a CREST grant (to Y.F.) from the Science and Technology Agency of Japan, and grants (to Y.F.) from the Takeda Science Foundation, the Naito Foundation, and Japan Foundation for Applied Enzymology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

    Kanji Okumoto

  2. Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

    Shigehiko Tamura

  3. Institute of Rheological Functions of Food, Fukuoka, Japan

    Masanori Honsho & Yukio Fujiki

  4. Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

    Yukio Fujiki

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  1. Kanji Okumoto
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  2. Shigehiko Tamura
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  3. Masanori Honsho
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  4. Yukio Fujiki
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Correspondence to Yukio Fujiki .

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  1. Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’ EA 7270/University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm, Dijon, France

    Gérard Lizard

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Okumoto, K., Tamura, S., Honsho, M., Fujiki, Y. (2020). Peroxisome: Metabolic Functions and Biogenesis. In: Lizard, G. (eds) Peroxisome Biology: Experimental Models, Peroxisomal Disorders and Neurological Diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1299. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60204-8_1

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