Abstract
Given the advancements in artificial intelligence, organizations are increasingly interested in applying robotics to their business processes. Unlike the many technological implications, we focus on the human side of robotics which remains under-investigated for higher-skilled employees. We particularly consider employee acceptance of intelligent robots with cognitive skills. During 48 interviews, hypothetical dilemmas regarding manual work, full- and semi-automation are discussed by office workers, managers and IT consultants. The results show that employees are positive about intelligent robots. The majority are willing to transfer repetitive tasks as long as humans can control outputs for accountability. However, employees prefer keeping tasks with creativity and human interaction. Many tasks can thus already be replaced by robotics, but more attention is needed for the facilitating role of organizations (e.g., training). The findings affect innovation strategies for implementing intelligent robots with reduced social implications. The idea of a step-by-step plan encourages a gradual adoption.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Hammer, M.: Reengineering work. Harv. Bus. Rev. 68(4), 104–112 (1990)
Cascio, W.F., Montealegre, R.: How technology is changing work and organizations. Ann. Rev. Org. Psych. Org. Behav. 3(1), 349–375 (2016)
Karabegović, I., Karabegović, E., Mahmić, M., Husak, E.: Implementation of industry 4.0 and industrial robots in the manufacturing processes. In: Karabegović, I. (ed.) NT 2019. LNNS, vol. 76, pp. 3–14. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18072-0_1
Dahl, R.: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. Alfred A. Knopf, New York (1964)
Huang, M.-H., Rust, R.T.: Artificial intelligence in service. J. Serv. Res. 21(2), 155–172 (2018)
Kaivo-oja, J., Roth, S., Westerlund, L.: Futures of robotics. Int. J. Technol. Manag. 73(4), 176–205 (2017)
Balsmeier, B., Woerter, M.: Is this time different? How digitalization influences job creation and destruction. Res. Policy 48(8), 1–10 (2019)
Frey, C.B., Osborne, M.A.: The future of employment. Tech. Forecast. Soc. Change 114, 254–280 (2017)
Neves, F., Campos, P., Silva, S.: Innovation and employment: an agent-based approach. J. Artif. Soc. Soc. Simul. 22(1), 1–32 (2019)
Vermeulen, B., Kesselhut, J., Pyka, A., Saviotti, P.P.: The impact of automation on employment. Sustainability 10(5), 1–27 (2018)
Flechsig, C., Lohmer, J., Lasch, R.: Realizing the full potential of robotic process automation through a combination with BPM. In: Bierwirth, C., Kirschstein, T., Sackmann, D. (eds.) Logistics Management. LNL, pp. 104–119. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29821-0_8
Gomes, O.: Growth in the age of automation: foundations of a theoretical framework. Metroeconomica 70(1), 77–97 (2018)
Holford, W.D.: The future of human creative knowledge work within the digital economy. Futures 105, 143–154 (2019)
Green, B.P.: Ethical reflections on artificial intelligence. Sci. et Fides 6(2), 9–31 (2018)
Frank, M.R., Sun, L., Cebrian, M., Youn, H., Rahwan, I.: Small cities face greater impact from automation. J. Royal Soc. Interf. 15(139), 1–11 (2018)
Granulo, A., Fuchs, C., Puntoni, S.: Psychological reactions to human versus robotic job replacement. Nat. Hum. Behav. 3(10), 1062–1069 (2019)
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M.G., Davis, G.B., Davis, F.D.: User acceptance of information technology. MIS Q. 27(3), 425–478 (2003)
Brougham, D., Haar, J.: Smart technology, artificial intelligence, robotics, and algorithms (STARA). J. Manag. Organ. 24(2), 239–257 (2017)
Lai, R., Lin, W., Wu, Y.: Review of research on the key technologies, application fields and development trends of intelligent robots. In: Chen, Z., Mendes, A., Yan, Y., Chen, S. (eds.) ICIRA 2018. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 10985, pp. 449–458. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97589-4_38
Fletcher, S.R., Webb, P.: Industrial robot ethics: the challenges of closer human collaboration in future manufacturing systems. In: Ferreira, M.I.A., Silva Sequeira, J., Tokhi, M.O., Kadar, Endre E., Virk, G.S. (eds.) A World with Robots. ISCASE, vol. 84, pp. 159–169. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46667-5_12
Qureshi, M.O., Syed, R.S.: The impact of robotics on employment and motivation of employees in the service sector, with special reference to health care. Saf. Health Work 5(4), 198–202 (2014)
Savela, N., Turja, T., Oksanen, A.: Social acceptance of robots in different occupational fields. Int. J. Soc. Robot. 10(4), 493–502 (2018)
Hausberg, P., Hülsdau, M., Moysidou, K., Teuteberg, F.: Employees’ adoption of workplace innovations. Informatik P-275, 1399–1411 (2017). https://doi.org/10.18420/in2017_140
Talukder, M.: Causal paths to acceptance of technological innovations by individual employees. BPM J. 25(4), 582–606 (2019)
Morikawa, M.: Firm’s expectations about the impact of AI and robotics: evidence from a survey. Econ. Inquiry 55(2), 1054–1063 (2017)
Pereira, V.R., Maximiano, A., de Souza Bido, D.: Resistance to change in BPM implementation. BPM J. 25(7), 1564–1586 (2019)
Nam, T.: Citizen attitudes about job replacement by robotic automation. Futures 109, 39–49 (2019)
You, S., Robert Jr, L.P.: Human-robot similarity and willingness to work with a robotic co-worker. In: International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, pp. 251–260. ACM/IEEE, Chicago (2018)
Maity, S.: Identifying opportunities for artificial intelligence in the evolution of training and development practices. J. Manag. Dev. 38(8), 651–663 (2019)
Dillon, A., Morris, M.G.: User acceptance of information technology. Ann. Rev. Inf. Sci. Technol. 31, 3–32 (1996)
Taherdoost, H.: A review of technology acceptance and adoption models and theories. Procedia Manuf. 22, 960–967 (2018)
Dwivedi, Y.K., Rana, N.P., Jeyaraj, A., Clement, M., Williams, M.D.: Re-examining the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). Inf. Syst. Front. 21, 719–734 (2019)
Marshall, C., Rossman, G.B.: Designing Qualitative Research. Sage, California (2011)
Scager, K., Akkerman, S.F., Pilot, A., Wubbels, T.: Teacher dilemmas in challenging students in higher education. Teach. High. Educ. 22(3), 318–335 (2016)
Malterud, K.: Qualitative research. Lancet 358(9280), 483–488 (2001)
Castillo-Montoya, M.: Preparing for interview research. Qual. Rep. 21(5), 811–830 (2016)
Rogers, E.M.: Diffusion of innovations. Free Press, New York (2003)
Belotto, M.: Data analysis methods for qualitative research. Qual. Rep. 23(11), 2622–2633 (2018)
Couckuyt, D., Van Looy, A.: Green BPM as a business-oriented discipline: a systematic mapping study and research agenda. Sustainability 11(15), 1–22 (2019)
Wang, T.-M., Tao, Y., Liu, H.: Current researches and future development trend of intelligent robot: a review. Int. J. Autom. Comp. 15(5), 525–546 (2018)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Van Looy, A. (2020). Adding Intelligent Robots to Business Processes: A Dilemma Analysis of Employees’ Attitudes. In: Fahland, D., Ghidini, C., Becker, J., Dumas, M. (eds) Business Process Management. BPM 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12168. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58666-9_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58666-9_25
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-58665-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-58666-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)