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The Influence of French Fundamentalist Nationalism on the Ideology of the Generation of 1948

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Science, Culture and National Identity in Francoist Spain, 1939–1959

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Abstract

The author analyses the legacy of Charles Maurras’s integral nationalism to the intellectuals of the Generation of 1948. Prades considers in detail their national discourse by which they gave an idealised image of the past and tried to rewrite national history to legitimise a politico-cultural project in the present. During the 1940s and early 1950s, the Maurrasian ideology was taken up by the group formed around the Spanish journal Arbor. Their work exercised a political function, as many of the members of this group held positions of political, cultural, or ideological power. That is why they had no qualms about accepting the idea of Spain’s hegemony, which was needed to legitimise Franco’s regime after the defeat of fascism in the World War II.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Saz (2003): 366ff.; Ferrary (1993): 115ff.; Juliá (2004): 358ff.

  2. 2.

    Ferrary (1993): 314.

  3. 3.

    Saz (2004): 262.

  4. 4.

    Pérez (1949).

  5. 5.

    Díaz (2008); Prades Plaza (2012).

  6. 6.

    Peiró (2016) has called these professors ‘little dictators’.

  7. 7.

    Calvo (1947).

  8. 8.

    Letter from Calvo to Vicens of 31.12.1949, Archivo General de la Universidad de Navarra, Rafael Calvo Serer: 1/32/618.

  9. 9.

    Botti (2005): 196.

  10. 10.

    Saz (2007): 141.

  11. 11.

    Botti (2005): 206ff.

  12. 12.

    Saz (2003): 59ff.

  13. 13.

    Berstein (1992): 62.

  14. 14.

    Weber (1985).

  15. 15.

    The first work to study the relationships between these political cultures was Nolte (1963).

  16. 16.

    Saz (2016): 150.

  17. 17.

    Sutton (1994): 274–275.

  18. 18.

    Sternhell (2000).

  19. 19.

    Milza and Decleva (1993).

  20. 20.

    Paxton (1972); Griffin (1991); Weber (1985): 157.

  21. 21.

    Dard (2013): 205.

  22. 22.

    Saz (2016): 154.

  23. 23.

    Dewaele (2003).

  24. 24.

    Pemán pointed out the inconvenience to some of AE’s founders that the name of his journal was very similar to AF , since the latter was having problems with the Vatican for its positivist tone. Pemán (1970): 70–71.

  25. 25.

    Vegas , who was a French native speaker, was the most Maurrassian member of AE and, as he describes in his memoirs, he dedicated two hours a day to reading AF . He also affirmed to be amazed by the conquest of the Quartier Latin by the Camelots du Roi under the charge ‘Vive le Roi!’, avoiding the sale of the republican press. Vegas (1983): 46–47.

  26. 26.

    In the personal archive of Maurras, there are two letters written by Maeztu in 1934, when he published Defensa de la Hispanidad, so an epistolary exchange of a certain frequency is inferred. Centre Historique des Archives Nationales (CHAN), Fonds Charles Maurras, 576 AP, 63, Dossier Espagne.

  27. 27.

    Pérez (1949).

  28. 28.

    Some reflections on Maurras’s claim to classicism can be found in Nguyen (1991): 757 and Sutton (1994): 37.

  29. 29.

    Paniker (1951): 112.

  30. 30.

    Sutton (1994): 63.

  31. 31.

    Suárez (1947): 349.

  32. 32.

    Rémond (1982): 114–132.

  33. 33.

    Calvo (1953): 301.

  34. 34.

    López-Amo (1952): 259.

  35. 35.

    Girardet (1983).

  36. 36.

    Later, some of the Generation of 1948 evolved into more radical positions, and Calvo in even accepted the Catalans’ right to their political independence if they so desired. Martí and Ramoneda (1976).

  37. 37.

    Calvo Serer (1953): 301. This thesis was also indebted to Christopher Dawson’s contributions on the break, since the Reformation, of the European unitary order.

  38. 38.

    Saz (2003): 409.

  39. 39.

    Sutton (1994): 67.

  40. 40.

    Sutton: 72.

  41. 41.

    Rémond (1982): 168–180.

  42. 42.

    Donoso (1851).

  43. 43.

    Roger (1952a); Roger (1952b): 8ff.

  44. 44.

    Cormier (1955).

  45. 45.

    Massis (1956).

  46. 46.

    Hericourt (1953).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jaume I University, Castelló de la Plana, Spain

    Sara Prades Plaza

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  1. Sara Prades Plaza
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Correspondence to Sara Prades Plaza .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Humanities, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain

    Marició Janué i Miret

  2. Department of Humanities, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain

    Albert Presas i Puig

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Prades Plaza, S. (2021). The Influence of French Fundamentalist Nationalism on the Ideology of the Generation of 1948. In: Janué i Miret, M., Presas i Puig, A. (eds) Science, Culture and National Identity in Francoist Spain, 1939–1959 . Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58646-1_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58646-1_11

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