Abstract
This chapter describes the background of the Communities That Care strategy in the Netherlands and the results of the Communities That Care Youth Survey. This was administered in 2011 as part of an effect study which was going on at that time. In this chapter we studied violence and youth delinquency, other problem behaviours, 20 risk factors and 10 protective factors, for 5887 youngsters. We show their scores on violent and delinquent acts, the prevalences of other problem behaviours and their associations. We also researched the association between violence and delinquency and the risk and protective factors in the domains of family, school, friends and community. With the use of logistic regression and odds ratios, possible effects are detected. We also used the population attributable fraction as a measure of exposure explained by risk factors and protective factors. In the third and last part, we researched the cumulative effect of the risk and protective factors when they are clustered together. This chapter confirms what we already know about problem behaviours and their predictors but throws fresh light on it. This chapter shows how violence and delinquency can be targeted by social policy and prevention.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Arthur, M. W., Briney, J. S., Hawkins, J. D., Abbott, R. D., Brooke-Weiss, B. L., & Catalano, R. F. (2007). Measuring risk and protection in communities using the communities that care youth survey. Evaluation and Program Planning, 30, 197–211.
Catalano, R. F., Berglund, M. L., Ryan, J. A. M., Lonczak, H. S., & Hawkins, J. D. (2004). Positive youth development in the United States: Research findings on evaluations of positive youth development programs. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591, 98–124.
Catalano, R. F., Fagan, A. A., Gavin, L., Greenberg, M. T., Erwin, C. E., Ross, D. A., et al. (2012). Worldwide application of prevention science in adolescent health. The Lancet, 379(9826), 1653–1664.
Catalano, R. F., & Hawkins, J. D. (1996). A theory of anti-social behavior. In J. D. Hawkins (Ed.), Delinquency and crime: Current theories (pp. 149–197). New York: Cambridge University Press.
CBS. (2011). Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2011. Den Haag: Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek.
Cohen, P. (1996). Childhood risks for young adult symptoms of personality disorder: Method and substance. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 31(1), 121–148.
Coie, J. D., Watt, N. F., West, S. G., Hawkins, J. D., Asarnow, J. R., Markman, H. J., et al. (1993). The science of prevention: A conceptual framework and some directions for a national research program. American Psychologist, 48, 1013–1022.
Elliott, D. S. (Ed.). (1997). Blueprints for violence prevention (volumes 1–11). Boulder: Centre for the Study and Prevention of Violence, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado.
Elliott, D. S., & Tolan, P. H. (1999). Youth violence, prevention, intervention and social policy. In H. Flannery & C. R. Huff (Eds.), Youth violence: Prevention, intervention and social policy (pp. 2–47). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Garmezy, N., & Masten, A. S. (1985). Risk, vulnerability, and protective factors in developmental psychopathology. Advances in Clinical Psychology, 8, 1–52.
Gelman, A., & Hill, J. (2007). Data analysis using regression and multilevel/hierarchical models. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Glaser, R. R., Van Horn, M. L., Arthur, M. W., Hawkins, J. D. & Catalano, R. F. (2005). Measurement properties of the communities that care youth survey across demographic groups. Journal of Quantative Criminology, 21(1), 73–102.
Hawkins, J. D., Catalano, R. F., & Arthur, M. W. (2002). Promoting science-based prevention in communities. Addictive Behaviors, 27(6), 951–976.
Hawkins, J. D., Catalano, R. F., & Miller, J. Y. (1992). Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: Implications for substance abuse prevention. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 64–105.
Hawkins, J. D., & Weis, J. G. (1995). The social development model: An integrated approach to delinquency prevention. Journal of Primary Prevention, 6(2), 73–97.
Hosman, C., & Jané-Llopis, E. (1999). Political challenges 2: Mental health. In The evidence of health promotion effectiveness: Shaping public health in a new Europe (pp. 29–41). Paris: International Union for Health Promotion and Education. Jouve Composition and Impression.
Hox, J. J., Moerbeek, M., & Schoot, R. (2018). Multilevel analysis: Techniques and applications (3rd ed.). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Ince, D., Beumer, M., Jonkman, H., & Vergeer, M. (Eds.). (2004). Veelbelovend en effectief: Overzicht van preventieve projecten en programma’s in de domeinen gezin, school, jeugd. Utrecht: NIZW.
Institute of Medicine. (2009). Report on preventing mental, emotional, and behavioural disorders among young people: Progress and possibilities. Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine.
Jonkman, H. (2012). Some years of communities that care: Learning from a social experiment. Amsterdam: VU-University.
Jonkman, H., Boers, R., van Dijk, B., & Rietveld, M. (2006). Wijken gewogen: Gedrag van jongeren in kaart gebracht. Utrecht: NIZW/SWP.
Junger-Tas, J., Marshall, I. H., Enzmann, D., Killias, M., Steketee, M., & Gruszcunka, B. (2013). The many faces of youth crime: Contrasting theoretical perspectives on juvenile delinquency across countries and cultures. New York: Springer.
Kellam, S. G., & Rebok, G. W. (1992). Building developmental and etiological theory through epidemiologically based preventive intervention trials. In J. McCord & R. E. Tremblay (Eds.), Preventing antisocial behavior: Interventions from birth through adolescence (pp. 162–195). New York: Guilford Press.
Lancet. (2012). Editorial: Putting adolescents at the Centre of health and development. The Lancet, 379, 1561.
Loeber, R., & Farrington, D. P. (Eds.). (1998). Serious and violent juvenile offenders: Risk factors and successful interventions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Loeber, R., & Farrington, D. P. (Eds.). (2001). Child delinquents: Development, intervention and service needs. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Pollard, J. A., Hawkins, J. D., & Arthur, M. W. (1999). Risk and protection: Are both necessary to understand diverse behavioural outcomes in adolescence? Social Work, 23, 145–158.
Rabe-Hesketh, S., & Skondal, A. (2012). Multilevel and longitudinal modeling using Stata (2nd ed.). College Station: Stata Corporation.
Rose, G. (1992). The strategy of preventive medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Rutter, M. (1985). Resilience in the face of adversity: Protective factors and resistance to psychiatric disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 147(6), 598–611.
Sherman, L. W., MacKenzie, D., Gottfredson, D. C., Eck, J., Reuter, P., & Bushway, S. D. (1996). Preventing crime: What works, what doesn’t, what is promising. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
Stata Corporation. (2017). Stata statistical software: Release 15. College Station: Stata Corporation.
Steketee, M., Jonkman, H., Berten, H., & Vettenburg, J. (2013). Alcohol use among adolescents in Europe: Effective environmental strategies in prevention. Utrecht: Verwey-Jonker Institute.
Werner, E. E., & Smith, R. S. (1992). Overcoming the odds: High risk children from birth to adulthood. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Acknowledgements
We like to thank Majone Steketee and Claire Aussems for their work on the Dutch CTC-YS and research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Jonkman, H., Hosman, C.M.H. (2021). The Netherlands. In: P. Farrington, D., Jonkman, H., Groeger-Roth, F. (eds) Delinquency and Substance Use in Europe. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58442-9_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58442-9_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-58441-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-58442-9
eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)