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Nitrogen Footprints and the Role of Soil Enzymes

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Enzymes for Solving Humankind's Problems

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Abstract

In a climate change scenario soil microbial population is affected by the impacts on soil biotic and abiotic factors, with a strong influence on soil microorganisms affecting enzyme production and activity. This influences soil organic matter turnover and nutrient cycling in soil. Nitrogen is one of the most, if not the most important, nutrient for all living organisms. Besides its vital role in maintenance of life on Earth and need to maintain nitrogen availability to produce enough food for the world population, nitrogen losses into the environment cause negative effects in all environmental compartments. To quantify the impact of each individual contribution to nitrogen pollution a concept of nitrogen-footprint was created, to measure nitrogen lost as a result of food and energy consumption. Enzymes play a role in the response of soils to nitrogen pollution and the mitigation and adaptation to climate change effects on nitrogen-footprint. Enzymes are affected by abiotic factors alterations driven by climate change but may alter their activity as a result of human actions, e.g. agricultural management practices affecting microbial populations. Enzymes may thus be a vehicle of both increase and reduction of nitrogen availability and therefore impact on nitrogen-footprint in a positive or negative way.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal

    Claudia M. d. S. Cordovil, Joana Marinheiro, João Serra & Soraia Cruz

  2. Department of Environment and Geography, Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York, York, UK

    Eve Palmer & Kevin Hicks

  3. Louis Bolk Institute, Bunnik, The Netherlands

    Jan-Willem Erisman

  4. University Leiden, Van Steenis, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC Leiden, P.O.Box 9500, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Jan-Willem Erisman

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  1. Claudia M. d. S. Cordovil
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Correspondence to Claudia M. d. S. Cordovil .

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  1. LAQV, REQUIMTE, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Caparica, Portugal

    José J. G. Moura

  2. LAQV, REQUIMTE, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Caparica, Portugal

    Isabel Moura

  3. LAQV, REQUIMTE, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Caparica, Portugal

    Luisa B. Maia

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Cordovil, C.M.d.S. et al. (2021). Nitrogen Footprints and the Role of Soil Enzymes. In: Moura, J.J.G., Moura, I., Maia, L.B. (eds) Enzymes for Solving Humankind's Problems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58315-6_5

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