Skip to main content

Ergonomics of Firefighting Protective Clothing: A Short Review on Fit and Sizing Issues

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Human Systems Engineering and Design III (IHSED 2020)

Abstract

Firefighting is considered one of the most challenging professions. Personal protective equipment plays a crucial role in protecting firefighters against numerous occupational hazards. Despite the advances in materials technology, current firefighting personal protective clothing is considered heavy, bulk, stiff, and thick. Many studies evaluated firefighters’ perceptions of current equipment. Fit and sizing are frequently reported as issues in firefighting protective clothing. This paper provides a literature review with the objective of offering a better understanding of how fit and sizing of firefighting protective clothing have been addressed by researchers. A review of the main issues faced by firefighters as well as a synthesis of suggestions for improved design and better purchasing as reported in the literature are provided.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    The personal protective equipment worn in structural and proximity firefighting, for example, is different from the equipment worn in wildland firefighting. A definition of structural and proximity firefighting and wildland firefighting is available in the NFPA 1971 - Standard on Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting and in the NFPA 1977 - Standard on Protective Clothing and Equipment for Wildland Fire Fighting, respectively.

  2. 2.

    In this paper, we focus on Structural and Proximity Firefighting Protective Clothing, and more precisely, on coat and trousers, which will be referred as PPC from now on.

  3. 3.

    Such as the U.S. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), European Standards Committees (EN), and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

References

  1. Boorady, L.M.: Bunker gear for fire fighters: does it fit today’s fire fighters? J. Text. Apparel Technol. Manag. 9, 1–15 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Coca, A., Williams, W.J., Roberge, R.J., Powell, J.B.: Effects of fire fighter protective ensembles on mobility and performance. Appl. Ergon. 41, 636–641 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2010.01.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Coca, A., Roberge, R., Shepherd, A., Powell, J.B., Stull, J.O., Williams, W.J.: Ergonomic comparison of a chem/bio prototype firefighter ensemble and a standard ensemble. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 104, 351–359 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-007-0644-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Boorady, L.M., Barker, J., Lee, Y.A., Lin, S.H., Cho, E., Ashdown, S.P.: Exploration of firefighter turnout gear Part 1: identifying male firefighter user needs. J. Text. Apparel Technol. Manag. 8, 1–13 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Wang, S., Park, J., Wang, Y.: Cross-cultural comparison of firefighters’ perception of mobility and occupational injury risks associated with personal protective equipment. Int. J. Occup. Saf. Ergon., 1–9 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2019.1607027

  6. Huang, D., Yang, H., Qi, Z., Xu, L., Cheng, X., Li, L., Zhang, H.: Questionnaire on firefighters’ protective clothing in china. Fire Technol. 48, 255–268 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-011-0214-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. National Fire Protection Association: NFPA 1971 - Standard on Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting (2018). https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-and-standards/list-of-codes-and-standards/detail?code=1971

  8. McQuerry, M.: Effect of structural turnout suit fit on female versus male firefighter range of motion. Appl. Ergon. 82, 102974 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2019.102974

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Park, H., Trejo, H., Miles, M., Bauer, A., Kim, S., Stull, J.: Impact of firefighter gear on lower body range of motion. Int. J. Cloth. Sci. Technol. 27, 315–334 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCST-01-2014-0011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Mandal, S., Lu, Y., Wang, F., Song, G.: Characterization of thermal protective clothing under hot water and pressurized steam exposure. AATCC J. Res. 1, 7–16 (2014). https://doi.org/10.14504/ajr.1.5.2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Nawaz, N., Troynikov, O.: Firefighters’ protective jackets: Fit to female form and its effects on attributes relevant to thermal comfort. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 15, 792–802 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2018.1506587

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. McQuerry, M., Kwon, C., Johnson, H.: A critical review of female firefighter protective clothing and equipment workplace challenges. Res. J. Text. Appar. 23, 94–110 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1108/RJTA-01-2019-0002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Park, J., Langseth-Schmidt, K.: Anthropometric fit evaluation of firefighters’ uniform pants: a sex comparison. Int. J. Ind. Ergon. 56, 1–8 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2016.08.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Boorady, L.M., Barker, J., Lee, Y.A., Lin, S.H., Cho, E., Ashdown, S.P.: Exploration of firefighter bunker gear part 2: assessing the needs of the female firefighter. J. Text. Apparel Technol. Manag. 8, 1–12 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Park, H., Hahn, K.H.Y.: Perception of firefighters turnout ensemble and level of satisfaction by body movement. Int. J. Fash. Des. Technol. Educ. 7, 85–95 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1080/17543266.2014.889763

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Lee, J.-Y., Park, J., Park, H., Coca, A., Kim, J.H., Taylor, N.A.S., Son, S.-Y., Tochihara, Y.: What do firefighters desire from the next generation of personal protective equipment? Outcomes from an international survey. Ind. Health 53, 434–444 (2015). https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.2015-0033

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Hsiao, H., Whitestone, J., Kau, T.Y., Whisler, R., Routley, J.G., Wilbur, M.: Sizing firefighters: method and implications. Hum. Factors 56, 873–910 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720813516359

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Laing, R.M., Holland, E.J., Wilson, C.A., Niven, B.E.: Development of sizing systems for protective clothing for the adult male. Ergonomics 42, 1249–1257 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1080/001401399184929

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Stull, J.O., Stull, G.G.: When it comes to PPE, size matters (2012). https://www.firerescue1.com/fire-products/apparel/boots/articles/when-it-comes-to-ppe-size-matters-gYpKXO4l6BGvm23J/

Download references

Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge the 2C2T-Centre for Textile Science and Technology of the University of Minho. This work is financed by FEDER funds through the Competitive Factors Operational Program (COMPETE) POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007136, by national funds through the FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under the project UID/CTM/000264, by Fundo de Apoio às Vítimas dos Incêndios de Pedrógão, and by ICC/Lavoro.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anna S. P. Moraes .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Moraes, A.S.P. et al. (2021). Ergonomics of Firefighting Protective Clothing: A Short Review on Fit and Sizing Issues. In: Karwowski, W., Ahram, T., Etinger, D., Tanković, N., Taiar, R. (eds) Human Systems Engineering and Design III. IHSED 2020. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1269. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58282-1_48

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58282-1_48

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-58281-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-58282-1

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics