Skip to main content

Part of the book series: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology ((IFIPAICT,volume 591))

Abstract

This paper sheds light on various definitions of the term automation. On the basis of a bibliographical study it hands out a state of the art in terms of the level of automation. The aim of the said paper is to study, analyze and discuss several definitions of the LoA proposed in the literature. On the grounds of this analysis, a set of requirements that ought to be respected by an accurate indicator were given out in order to propound a new definition of the LoA aimed at application in the manufacturing domain and its interest in order to optimize workstations. At the end of this bibliographical study, a table summarizing the list of different definitions, and the requirements that each of them meet is drawn. A proposal for a new definition of LoA as a time ratio is also presented. Furthermore, the application on an academic case study on an assembly line with 13 operations helped us demonstrate its interest.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Lorre, B.: L’automatisation industrielle, quel avenir pour les usines du futur? Transhumanisme et Intelligence Artificielle, 9 January 2018

    Google Scholar 

  2. Parasuraman, R., Riley, V.: Humans and automation: use, misuse, disuse, abuse. Hum. Factors: J. Hum. Factors Ergon. Soc. 39, 230–253 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1518/001872097778543886

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Claverie, B.: COGNITIQUE - Science et pratique des relations à la machine à penser, Bernard Claverie - livre, ebook, epub. L’Harmattan (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Vagia, M., Transeth, A.A., Fjerdingen, S.A.: A literature review on the levels of automation during the years. What are the different taxonomies that have been proposed? Appl. Ergon. 53, 190–202 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2015.09.013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Wiendahl, H.-P., et al.: Changeable manufacturing - classification, design and operation. CIRP Ann. 56, 783–809 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2007.10.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Sheridan, T.B., Verplank, W.L.: Human and Computer Control of Undersea Teleoperators. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (1978)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  7. Parasuraman, R., Sheridan, T.B., Wickens, C.D.: A model for types and levels of human interaction with automation. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part A: Syst. Hum. 30, 286–297 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1109/3468.844354

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Lintern, G., Hughes, T.: Development of a supervisory control rating scale, p. 35 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Frohm, J., Lindström, V., Winroth, M., et al.: Levels of automation in manufacturing. Ergonomia – Int. J. Ergon. Hum. Factors 30(19) (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Adams, J.A., Rani, P., Sarkar, N.: Mixed-initiative interaction and robotic systems, p. 8 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Riley, V.: A general model of mixed-initiative human-machine systems. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting, vol. 33, pp. 124–128 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1177/154193128903300227

  12. Windmark, C., Gabrielson, P., Andersson, C., StŒhl, J.E.: A cost model for determining an optimal automation level in discrete batch manufacturing. Procedia CIRP 3, 73–78 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2012.07.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work took place in the framework of the OpenLab Materials and Processes combining Arts et Métiers network, GeorgiaTech Lorraine and Groupe PSA.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hasnaa Ait Malek .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 IFIP International Federation for Information Processing

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Ait Malek, H., Etienne, A., Siadat, A., Allavena, T. (2020). A Literature Review on the Level of Automation and New Approach Proposal. In: Lalic, B., Majstorovic, V., Marjanovic, U., von Cieminski, G., Romero, D. (eds) Advances in Production Management Systems. The Path to Digital Transformation and Innovation of Production Management Systems. APMS 2020. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, vol 591. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57993-7_46

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57993-7_46

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-57992-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-57993-7

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics