Anatomy of the Periorbital Region

Abstract

This chapter provides a description of the superficial anatomy, the osteology, and the musculature of the orbit and periorbital region, and drainage of lacrimal fluid. The vasculature of the orbit is outlined highlighting the extensive vessel anastomoses in the periorbital region and the risk of retrograde injection into the ophthalmic artery or its central artery branch to the retina. Superficial veins of the orbit and face do not have valves and communicate with the cavernous sinus and the pterygoid plexus allowing for retrograde flow into the cranium.