Skip to main content

Thrombectomy for Acute Occlusion in Intermediate-Sized Distal Arteries

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
12 Strokes

Abstract

The reproducible data from the major mechanical thrombectomy (MT) trials has demonstrated significant benefit of patients undergoing endovascular MT for large vessel occlusion in the internal carotid artery, M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), vertebral artery, and basilar artery. Subsequent studies have demonstrated similar clinical benefits of revascularization of occluded M2 segments of the MCA. There are only a few relatively small series that examine mechanical thrombectomy, either aspiration alone or in conjunction with a stent retriever for more distal arteries. This chapter reviews the limited data on MT for revascularization of the anterior cerebral artery, the M3 and M4 MCA segments, and the posterior cerebral arteries. It reviews techniques in dealing with revascularization of these intermediate-sized arteries. Case examples are presented of each of the major distal occlusion vascular territories.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Berkhemer OA, Fransen PS, Beumer D, van den Berg LA, Lingsma HF, Yoo AJ, The MR CLEAN Investigators, et al. A randomized trial of intraarterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:11–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Goyal M, Demchuk AM, Menon BK, Eesa M, Rempel JL, Thornton J, et al. Randomized assessment of rapid endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:1019–30.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Jovin TG, Chamorro A, Cobo E, de Miquel MA, Molina CA, Rovira A, The REVASCAT Trial Investigators, et al. Thrombectomy within 8 hours after symptom onset in ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(24):2296–306.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Saver JL, Goyal M, Bonafe A, Diener HC, Levy EI, Pereira VM, et al. Stent-retriever thrombectomy after intravenous t-PA vs. t-PA alone in stroke. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:2285–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Campbell BC, Mitchell PI, Kleinig TI, Dewey HM, Churilov I, Yassi N, et al. Endovascular therapy for ischemic stroke with perfusion imaging selection. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:1009–18.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Albers GW, Marks MP, Kemp S, Christensen S, Tsai JP, Ortega-Gutierrez S, The DEFUSE 3 Investigators, et al. Thrombectomy for stroke at 6 to 16 hours with selection by perfusion imaging. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(8):708–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Nogueira RG, Jadhav AP, Haussen DC, Bonafe A, Budzik RF, Bhuva P, The DAWN Investigators, et al. Thrombectomy 6 to 24 hours after stroke with a mismatch between deficit and infarct. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:11–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Flores A, Tomasello A, Cardona P, Angeles de Miquel M, Gomis M, Garcia Bermejo P, Catalan Stroke Code and Reperfusion Consortium (Cat-SCR), et al. Endovascular treatment for M2 occlusions in the era of stentrievers: a descriptive multicenter experience. J Neurointerv Surg. 2015;7:234–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Dorn F, Lockau H, Stetefeld H, Kabbasch C, Kraus B, Dohmen C, et al. Mechanical thrombectomy of M2-occlusion. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2015;24:1465–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Park JS, Kwak HS. Manual aspiration thrombectomy using penumbra catheter in patients with acute M2 occlusion: a single-center analysis. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2016;59:352–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Countinho JM, Liebeskind DS, Slater LA, Nogueira RG, Baxter BW, Levy EI, et al. Mechanical thrombectomy for isolated M2 occlusions: a post hoc analysis of the STAR, SWIFT, and SWIFT PRIME studies. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2016;37:667–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Kim YW, Son S, Kang DH, Hwang YH, Kim YS. Endovascular thrombectomy for M2 occlusions: comparison between forced arterial suction thrombectomy and stent retriever thrombectomy. J Neurointerv Surg. 2017;9:626–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Sarraj A, Sangha N, Hussain MS, Wisco D, Vora N, Elijovich L, et al. Endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke with occlusion of the middle cerebral artery M2 segment. JAMA Neurol. 2017;74:488–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Saber H, Narayanan S, Palla M, Saver JL, Nogueira RG, Yoo AJ, et al. Mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke with occlusion of the M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery: a meta-analysis. J Neurointerv Surg. 2018;10:620–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Salahuddin H, Ramaiah G, Slawski DE, Shawver J, Buehler M, Zaidi SF, et al. Mechanical thrombectomy of M1 and M2 middle cerebral artery occlusions. J Neurointerv Surg. 2018;10:330–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Grossberg JA, Rebello LC, Haussen DC, Bouslama M, Bowen M, Barreira CM, et al. Beyond large vessel occlusion strokes: distal occlusion thrombectomy. Stroke. 2018;49:1662–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Vargas J, Spiotta AM, Fargen K, Turner RD, Chaudry I, Turk A. Experience with a direct aspiration first pass technique (ADAPT) for thrombectomy in distal cerebral artery occlusions causing acute ischemic stroke. World Neurosurg. 2017;99:31–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Meyne JK, Zimmermann PR, Rohr A, Riedel C, Hansen HC, Pulkowski U, et al. Thrombectomy vs. systemic thrombolysis in acute embolic stroke with high clot burden: a retrospective analysis. Rofo. 2015;187:555–60.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, Adeoye OM, Bambakidis NC, Becker K, et al. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: 2019 update to the 2018 guidelines for the early management of acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2019;50:e344–418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Anadani M, Alawieh A, Arthur AS, Kim JT, De Leacy R, Maier I, The STAR Collaborators, et al. Mechanical thrombectomy for distal occlusions: efficacy, functional and safety outcomes: insight from the STAR collaboration. Presented at the International Stroke Conference, Los Angeles, CA, February 2020.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Turk AS, Spiotta A, Frei D, Mocco J, Baxter B, Fiorella D, et al. Initial clinical experience with the ADAPT technique: a direct aspiration first pass technique for stroke thrombectomy. J Neurointerv Surg. 2014;6:231–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Hui FK, Hussain MS, Spiotta A, Bhalla T, Toth G, Moskowitz SI, et al. Merci retrievers as access adjuncts for reperfusion catheters: the grappling hook technique. Neurosurgery. 2012;70:456–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael J. Alexander .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Do, A.S.M.S., Babadjouni, R.M., Alexander, M.J. (2021). Thrombectomy for Acute Occlusion in Intermediate-Sized Distal Arteries. In: Hui, F.K., Spiotta, A.M., Alexander, M.J., Hanel, R.A., Baxter, B.W. (eds) 12 Strokes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56857-3_15

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics