Skip to main content

Improving Second Language Writing Across the Disciplines: Resources for Content Teachers

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Teaching Language and Content in Multicultural and Multilingual Classrooms

Abstract

This paper summarizes the steps taken in a Hong Kong higher education institution to develop a teaching and learning project to improve academic writing in English across all disciplines. Key features of academic writing that could be easily transferred to content teachers were developed as a series of writing instruction modules. The modules were trialled with two consecutive cohorts of the same subject but with different degrees of student interaction. Qualitative analysis of students’ writing indicated that some of the key language features taught had been implemented in their texts while quantitative analysis of the survey results indicated that better content-integrated writing instruction resulted in larger increases in confidence levels.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    As the answers ranged from 1 to 3, the maximum difference between a pre and post survey was 2. In the 2018 cohort there were 20 respondents, therefore the total of the compiled differences could not be higher than 40 (20 × 2 = 40). This was taken to calculate the percentage of the actual total difference recorded for each question. In the 2019 cohort there were 33 respondents, so the divisor to calculate the percentage was 66 (33 × 2).

References

  • Bolton, K., Nelson, G., & Hung, J. (2002). A corpus-based study of connectors in student writing: Research from the International Corpus of English in Hong Kong (ICE-HK). International Journal of Corpus Linguistics,7(2), 165–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bourke, J. M. (2005). The grammar we teach. Reflections on English Language Teaching,4, 85–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, H., & Bradford, A. (2014). EMI, CLIL, & CBI: Differing approaches and goals. The Use of English, 37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Byrnes, H. (2013). Positioning writing as meaning-making in writing research: An introduction. Journal of Second Language Writing,2(22), 95–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Callaghan, M., & Rothery, J. (1988). Teaching factual writing: A Genre-based approach (The Report of the DSP Literacy Project, Metropolitan East Region). Metropolitan East Disadvantaged Schools Program.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cenoz, J., Genesee, F., & Gorter, D. (2014). Critical analysis of CLIL: Taking stock and looking forward. Applied Linguistics,35(3), 243–262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Costley, T., & Flowerdew, J. (2016). Introduction. In J. Flowerdew & T. Costley (Eds.), Discipline-specific writing: Theory into practice (pp. 1–11). New York and London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cotos, E. (2014). Genre-based automated writing evaluation for L2 research writing: From design to evaluation and enhancement. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Crewe, W. J. (1990). The illogic of logical connectives. ELT Journal,44(4), 316–325.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, R. (2009). Corrective feedback and teacher development. L2 Journal,1(1), 1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, S., & Green, C. (2007). Why EAP is necessary: A survey of Hong Kong tertiary students. Journal of English for Academic Purposes,6(1), 3–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fleming, M. (2016). Hong Kong’s growing shortage of university places. Time Out. Retrieved from: https://www.timeout.com/hong-kong/en-hongkong/hong-kongs-growing-shortage-of-university-places-051816.

  • Flower, L., & Hayes, J. R. (1981). A cognitive process theory of writing. College Composition and Communication,32(4), 365–387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flowerdew, J. (1999). Problems in writing for scholarly publication in English: The case of Hong Kong. Journal of Second Language Writing,8(3), 243–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forest, R., & Davies, T. (2016). Investigating local sociocultural and institutional contexts for discipline-specific writing. In J. Flowerdew & T. Costley (Eds.), Discipline-specific Writing: Theory into Practice (pp. 12–29). New York and London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halliday, M. A. (1993). Towards a language-based theory of learning. Linguistics and Education,5(2), 93–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Halliday, M. A. (1999). The notion of “context” in language education. Amsterdam Studies in the Theory and History of Linguistic Science Series,4, 1–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirvela, A. (2017). Argumentation & second language writing: Are we missing the boat? Journal of Second Language Writing,36, 69–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2017.05.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hong Kong Polytechnic University. (2012). Hong Kong Polytechnic University Strategic Plan 2012/13–2017/18. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Retrieved from: http://www.HKPU.edu.hk/cpa/splan/StrategicPlan2012.pdf.

  • Humphrey, S. (2017). Academic literacies in the middle years: A framework for enhancing teacher knowledge and student achievement. New York and London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hyland, K. (1997). Is EAP necessary? A survey of Hong Kong undergraduates. Asian Journal of English Language Teaching,7(2), 77–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hyland, K. (2002). Teaching and researching: Writing. Harlow, UK: Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hyland, K. (2013). Faculty feedback: Perceptions and practices in L2 disciplinary writing. Journal of Second Language Writing,22(3), 240–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2013.03.003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hyland, K., & Hamp-Lyons, L. (2002). EAP: Issues and directions. Journal of English for Academic Purposes,1(1), 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hyland, K., & Hyland, F. (2006). Feedback in second language writing: Contexts and issues. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Johns, A. M. (2011). The future of genre in L2 writing: Fundamental, but contested, instructional decisions. Journal of Second Language Writing,20(1), 56–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, I., Mak, P., & Burns, A. (2015). Bringing innovation to conventional feedback approaches in EFL secondary writing classrooms: A Hong Kong case study. English Teaching: Practice & Critique,14(2), 140–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, Y., & Flowerdew, J. (2007). Shaping Chinese novice scientists’ manuscripts for publication. Journal of Second Language Writing,16(2), 100–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lo, Y. Y., & Lin, A. M. (2018). Content and language integrated learning in Hong Kong. Second Handbook of English Language Teaching, 1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lo, Y. Y., Lin, A. M., & Cheung, T. C. (2018). Supporting English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) learners’ science literacy development in CLIL: A genre-based approach. Global Developments in Literacy Research for Science Education (pp. 79–95). Cham: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Marsh, D. (2008). Language awareness and CLIL. Encyclopedia of Language and Education,6, 233–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Milton, J., & Tsang, E. S.-C. (1993). A corpus-based study of logical connectors in EFL students’ writing: Directions for future research. In Studies in Lexis (pp. 215–246).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nuhfer, E. B., & Knipp, D. (2003). The knowledge survey: A tool for all reasons. To Improve the Academy,21(1), 59–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pessoa, S. (2017). How SFL and explicit language instruction can enhance the teaching of argumentation in the disciplines. Journal of Second Language Writing,36, 77–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2017.05.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Polias, J., & Forey, G. (2016). Teaching through English: Maximal input in meaning making. In Hybridity in Systemic Functional Linguistics: Grammar, Text and Discursive Context (pp. 109–132). Sheffield, UK: Equinox Publishing Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shek, D. T. L., Yu, L., Wu, F. K. Y., & Chai, W. Y. (2015). General university requirements at Hong Kong Polytechnic University: Evaluation findings based on student focus groups. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education,40(8), 1017–1031.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sword, H. (2012). Stylish academic writing. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tardy, C. M. (2011). The history and future of genre in second language writing. Journal of Second Language Writing,20(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2010.12.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tso, A. W. B., & Ho, W. S. Y. (2018). Chances and challenges: Teaching academic writing to university students in Hong Kong. The Journal of Linguistics and Language Teaching,9(1), 67–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tso, A. W. B., Ho, W. S. Y., & Chung, J. S. K. (2016). Academic writing for arts and humanities students. New York: McGraw Hill Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, C. G. (2019). Writer background and voice construction in L2 writing. Journal of English for Academic Purposes,37, 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2018.11.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study is based on the proposal won by Dr Gail Forey and funded by the Teaching and Learning Fund of the Hong Kong University Grants Committee (2017). It is supported by the Research Centre for Professional Communication in English (RCPCE) of the Department of English of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Thank you to all the participants who have made this study possible, in particular to students who gave us access to their writing and the colleagues who agreed to be interviewed. I am also grateful to colleagues from the ELC, Dr Julia Chen and Dr Grace Lim and Dr Josephine Csete from EDC and to the members of the project team: Dr Eric Cheung, Mary Johannes and Cyril Lim.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Renia López-Ozieblo .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

López-Ozieblo, R. (2021). Improving Second Language Writing Across the Disciplines: Resources for Content Teachers. In: Carrió-Pastor, M.L., Bellés-Fortuño, B. (eds) Teaching Language and Content in Multicultural and Multilingual Classrooms. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56615-9_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56615-9_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-56614-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-56615-9

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics