Abstract
In this chapter we present a brief account of a matrix approach to the study of sequences of orthogonal polynomials. We use an algebra of infinite matrices of generalized Hessenberg type to represent polynomial sequences and linear maps on the complex vector space of all polynomials. We show how the matrices are used to characterize and to construct several sets of orthogonal polynomials with respect to some linear functional on the space of polynomials. The matrices allow us to study several kinds of generalized difference and differential equations, to obtain explicit formulas for the orthogonal polynomial sequences with respect to given bases, and also to obtain formulas for the coefficients of the three-term recurrence relations. We also construct a family of hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials that contains all the families in the Askey scheme and a family of basic hypergeometric q-orthogonal polynomials that contains all the families in the q-Askey scheme.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Álvarez-Nodarse, R.: On characterizations of classical polynomials. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 196, 320–337 (2006)
Arponen, T.: A matrix approach to polynomials. Linear Algebra Appl. 359, 181–196 (2003)
Arponen, T.: A matrix approach to polynomials II. Linear Algebra Appl. 394, 257–276 (2005); Classical orthogonal polynomials. Bull. Math. Anal.
Al Salam, W.A., Chihara, T.S.: Another characterization of the classical orthogonal polynomials. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 3, 65–70 (1972)
Arenas-Herrera, M.I., Verde-Star, L.: Representation of doubly infinite matrices as non-commutative Laurent series. Spec. Matrices 5, 250–257 (2017)
Costabile, F.A., Longo, E.: An algebraic approach to Sheffer polynomial sequences. Integral Transforms and Special Functions 25, 295–311 (2014)
Costabile, F.A., Gualtieri, M.I., Napoli, A.: Recurrence relations and determinant forms for general polynomial sequences. Application to Genocchi polynomials. Integral Transforms and Special Functions 30 112–127 (2019)
Costabile, F.A., Gualtieri, M.I., Napoli, A.: Polynomial sequences: elementary basic methods and application hints. A survey., Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Serie A. Matemáticas, to appear.
Ernst, T.: q-Pascal and q-Bernoulli Matrices: An Umbral Approach, Uppsala University, Department of Mathematics, Report 23. Uppsala, Sweden (2008)
Garza, L.G., Garza, L.E., Marcellán, F.: A matrix characterization for the D v-semiclassical and D v-coherent orthogonal polynomials. Linear Algebra Appl. 487, 242–259 (2015)
Garza, L.G., Garza, L.E., Marcellán, F.: A matrix approach for the semiclassical and coherent orthogonal polynomials. Appl. Math. Comput. 256, 459–471 (2015)
Kalman, D.: Polynomial translation groups. Math. Mag. 56, 23–25 (1983)
Kalman, D., Ungar, A.: Combinatorial and functional identities in one-parameter matrices. Am. Math. Monthly 94, 21–35 (1987)
Koekoek, R., Lesky, P.A., Swarttouw, R.F.: Hypergeometric Orthogonal Polynomials and Their q-Analogues. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2010)
Koepf, W., Schmersau, D.: Recurrence equations and their classical orthogonal polynomial solutions, Orthogonal systems and applications. Appl. Math. Comput. 128, 303–327 (2002)
Kwon, K.H., Littlejohn, L.L., Yoon, B.H.: New characterizations of classical orthogonal polynomials. Indag. Math. (N.S.) 7, 199–213 (1996)
Loureiro, A.F.: New results on the Bochner condition about classical orthogonal polynomials. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 364, (2010) 307–323 (2010)
Marcellán, F., Branquinho, A., Petronilho, J.: Classical orthogonal polynomials: a functional approach. Acta Appl. Math. 34 283–303 (1994)
Marcellán, F., Pinzón-Cortés, C.N.: (M, N)-Coherent pairs of linear functionals and Jacobi matrices. Appl. Math. Comput. 232 76–83 (2014)
Maroni, P.: Une théorie algébrique des polynômes orthogonaux. Application aux polynômes orthogonaux semi-classiques. In: Brezinski, C., et al. (eds.), Orthogonal Polynomials and Their Applications. IMACS Ann. Comput. Appl. Math. 9, 95–130 (1991)
Medem, J.C., Álvarez-Nodarse, R., Marcellán, F.: On the q-polynomials: a distributional study. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 135, 157–196 (2001)
Njinkeu Sandjon, M., Branquinho, A., Foupouagnigni, M., Area, I.: Characterization of classical orthogonal polynomials on quadratic lattices. J. Differ. Equ. Appl. 23 983–1002 (2017)
Słowik, R.: Maps on infinite triangular matrices preserving idempotents. Linear and Multilinear Algebra 62, 938–964 (2014)
Słowik, R.: Derivations of rings of infinite matrices. Commun. Algebra 43, 3433–3441 (2015)
Słowik, R.: Every infinite triangular matrix is similar to a generalized infinite Jordan matrix. Linear and Multilinear Algebra 65, 1362–1373 (2017)
Verde-Star, L.: Groups of generalized Pascal matrices. Linear Algebra Appl. 382, 179–194 (2004)
Verde-Star, L.: Infinite triangular matrices, q-Pascal matrices, and determinantal representations. Linear Algebra Appl. 434, 307–318 (2011)
Verde-Star, L.: Characterization and construction of classical orthogonal polynomials using a matrix approach. Linear Algebra Appl. 438, 3635–3648 (2013)
Verde-Star, L.: Recurrence coefficients and difference equations of classical discrete and q-orthogonal polynomial sequences. Linear Algebra Appl. 440, 293–306 (2014)
Verde-Star, L.: Polynomial sequences generated by infinite Hessenberg matrices. Spec. Matrices 5 64–72 (2017)
Verde-Star, L.: A unified construction of all the hypergeometric and basic hypergeometric families of orthogonal polynomial sequences. Submitted
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Verde-Star, L. (2021). Infinite Matrices in the Theory of Orthogonal Polynomials. In: Marcellán, F., Huertas, E.J. (eds) Orthogonal Polynomials: Current Trends and Applications. SEMA SIMAI Springer Series, vol 22. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56190-1_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56190-1_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-56189-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-56190-1
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)