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Isothermal and Non-isothermal Crystallization in Liquid Crystals as Seen by Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry

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Crystallization as Studied by Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy

Part of the book series: Advances in Dielectrics ((ADVDIELECT))

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Abstract

Being composed of shape-anisotropic molecules, liquid crystals (LCs) differ from simple liquids in that they demonstrate a tendency to orientate in specific directions and form various mesophases. Upon cooling, these partially ordered liquid crystalline phases can either vitrify or crystallize. Upon heating from a glassy state, LCs, like other low molecular weight systems and polymers, have been found to undergo so-called cold crystallization. This chapter discusses the findings of broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies of the isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of the supercooled nematic (N) and chiral nematic (N*) states of, respectively, 2,7-bis(4-pentylphenyl)-9,9-diethyl-9H-fluorene (5P-EtFLEt-P5) and S,S-2,7-bis(4-pentylphenyl)-9,9-dimethylbutyl-9H-fluorene (5P-Am*FLAm*P5). The isothermal melt and cold crystallization processes at selected temperatures Tc above the glass transition temperature Tg (1.07Tg ≤ Tc ≤ 1.17Tg) are compared in 5P-EtFLEt-P5. It was found that 5P-EtFLEt-P5 and 5P-Am*FLAm*P5 display different types of non-isothermal cold crystallization. Finally, the paper discusses the crystallization behavior occurring in the well-ordered smectic B phase (SmB) of 4-n-butyloxybenzylidene-4′-n′-octylaniline (BBOA) under various thermal conditions. The DSC analysis revealed two different crystallization mechanisms for fast and slow cooling.

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Abbreviations

5P-EtFLEt-P5:

2,7-Bis(4-pentylphenyl)-9,9-diethyl-9H-fluorene

5P-Am*FLAm*P5:

S,S-2,7-bis(4-pentylphenyl)-9,9-dimethylbutyl-9H-fluorene

BBOA:

4-N-butyloxybenzylidene-4′-n′-octylaniline

BDS:

Broadband dielectric spectroscopy

CONDIS:

Conformationally disordered crystals

DSC:

Differential scanning calorimetry

GN:

Glass of nematic phase

GN*:

Glass of chiral nematic phase

HN:

Havriliak–Negami

Is:

Isotropic state

LCs:

Liquid crystals

POM:

Polarizing optical microscopy

N:

Nematic

N*:

Chiral nematic

ODIC:

Orientationally disordered crystal

SmB:

Smectic B

VFT:

Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by a National Science Centre (Grant SONATA11: UMO-2016/21/D/ST3/01299). I thank all my co-workers, especially Dr. T. Rozwadowski for his valuable contribution to studies on crystallization and Dr. E. Juszyńska-Gałązka for DSC measurements and data discussion. I would also like to thank Prof. M. Massalska-Arodź for stimulating discussions and critical reading of the chapter. The author acknowledges Prof. P. Kula and M. Sc. E. Dmochowska for synthesizing the investigated materials.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, 31342, Krakow, Poland

    Małgorzata Jasiurkowska-Delaporte

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  1. Małgorzata Jasiurkowska-Delaporte
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Correspondence to Małgorzata Jasiurkowska-Delaporte .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Física Macromolecular, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain

    Tiberio A. Ezquerra

  2. Departamento de Física Macromolecular, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain

    Aurora Nogales

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Jasiurkowska-Delaporte, M. (2020). Isothermal and Non-isothermal Crystallization in Liquid Crystals as Seen by Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. In: Ezquerra, T.A., Nogales, A. (eds) Crystallization as Studied by Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy. Advances in Dielectrics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56186-4_5

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