Abstract
The flow dynamics and their morphing modification concerning the transonic flow around an Airbus A320 airfoil have been investigated via 2D simulations at a high Reynolds number. A distinctive flow topology, organised and chaotic occurs in this regime driven by appearance of coherent structures such as the Von-Kármán instability as well as the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. When the Mach number and angle of attack both belong to a certain range of values, the shock wave develops a low-frequency motion along a specific distance on the suction side, issued from the development of transonic buffet instability. This phenomenon is crucial for the design because it leads to a high rise of drag and can trigger in extreme conditions dangerous dip-flutter modes. Electroactive morphing of the trailing edge region achieved by optimal vibration of piezo-actuators has proved capable to create vortex breakdown of the coherent structures and to act through an eddy-blocking mechanism to a considerable thinning of the shear layers and of the wake as has been proven in subsonic regime as shown by Scheller et al. (J Fluids Struct 55: 42–51 [10]). The eddy-blocking effect in the transonic regime has been studied in the present article in cruise-speed the conditions, following the studies by Szubert et al. (J Fluids Struct 55: 272–306 [12]) and Hunt et al. (IUTAM symposium on computational physics and new perspectives in 246 turbulence, pp 331–338. Springer, Dordrecht [6]). Accordingly, computations have been made to determine which type of actuation offers the best performance in terms of buffet dampening and aerodynamic efficiency as a whole. Lastly, it is shown that a flapping motion of the trailing edge can lock-in the frequency of the buffet phenomenon at the flapping frequency, which has potentially useful applications in terms of controlling and reducing shock oscillations.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the LAPLACE Laboratory team of electroactive actuators and to the national supercomputing centres CALMIP, CINES and IDRIS for their attribution of computational resource.
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Tô, JB. et al. (2021). Numerical Simulation and Modelling of a Morphing Supercritical Airfoil in a Transonic Flow at High Reynolds Numbers. In: Braza, M., Hourigan, K., Triantafyllou, M. (eds) Advances in Critical Flow Dynamics Involving Moving/Deformable Structures with Design Applications. Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, vol 147. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55594-8_31
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