Abstract
In light of the rich diversity of the contributions assembled in this volume, the concluding remarks pursue a fourfold task. First, they examine what the case studies contribute to the global history of the Cold War and, more generally, to our understanding of the antagonism between communism and anti-communism in the long twentieth century and still young twenty-first century. Second, they analyse the interdependencies between anti-communist persecutions and other sorts of historical change, such as economic crises, political disruptions, or religious–cultural alterations. Third, the book’s case studies reveal the different points of contact between local forms of anti-communist persecutions and worldwide transformations. And finally, these conclusions identify questions the authors raised but could not answer sufficiently.
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Notes
- 1.
The distinctions between these forms of dictatorship introduce and explain Geddes, Paradigms and Sand Castles, pp. 50–53; Lidén, “Theories of Dictatorships”.
- 2.
Cf. for example McNamara, “Argument of Strength”; Powers, “American Catholics”; Chamedes, “The Vatican”; Lan, “Catholicism vs. Communism”.
- 3.
Westad, The Cold War, pp. 5–19. Against such an extended understanding Stephanson, “Fourteen Notes”; on this controversy in a broader historiographical context cf. Gilman “The Cold War”, pp. 509–512.
- 4.
Cf. Streets-Salter, “The Noulens Affair”; Foster, “Secret Police Cooperation”.
- 5.
Cf. Saul, The Cold War and After; Romero, “Cold War Historiography”; critical about this interpretation is Nehring, “What Was the Cold War?”.
- 6.
van Dongen, Roulin, and Scott-Smith, Transnational Anti-Communism.
- 7.
Glick Schiller, “A Global Perspective”, p. 114.
- 8.
Defining the Right is, of course, a controversial issue but the defence of inequality in its various manifestations is acknowledged by many as a core feature. Cf. Durham and Power, “Introduction”, p. 2; McGirr, “Now that Historians”, pp. 768–769; Chase-Dunn and Dudley, “The Global Right”, pp. 64–65; Castro Rea, “Right-Wing Think Tank Networks”, pp. 90–91; Blee and Creasap, “Conservative and Right-Wing Movements”, pp. 70 & 75; McGee Deutsch, Las Derechas, p. 3. On anti-communism and anti-egalitarianism as one of (European) fascism’s defining markers see Traverso, The New Faces, pp. 116–118.
- 9.
Rolph, “The Citizens’ Council”, p. 618.
- 10.
Durham and Power, “Transnational Conservatism”, p. 134.
- 11.
A transnational perspective on national/domestic right-wing anti-communism suggests, for example, Burke, Revolutionaries for the Right.
- 12.
Harvey, The New Imperialism, p. 145. Cf. also Glassman, “Primitive Accumulation”, pp. 620–622.
- 13.
Derek Hall, “Rethinking Primitive Accumulation”, p. 1196.
- 14.
Harvey, The Enigma of Capital, p. 10; cf. also Harvey, “Neo-liberalism”, pp. 41–50.
- 15.
Harvey, The New Imperialism, p. 149.
- 16.
For a more systematic critique of the dominant Western-centric literature on neoliberalism, see Raewyn Connell and Nour Dados, “Where in the World”.
- 17.
Fischer, “The Foundations”, p. 69.
- 18.
Bush, Bujra, and Littlejohn, “Editorial”.
- 19.
Cf. also Mortimer, “The Indonesian Communist Party & Land Reform”; Lucas, “The Land, the Law, and the People”; Daryono, “Transformation of Land Rights”.
- 20.
Mukherji, The Maoists in India.
- 21.
Guha, “Adivasis, Naxalites and Indian Democracy”; Sarma, “The Adivasi, the State and the Naxalite”; D’Mello, “India’s Rotten Democracy and the Maoist Movement”.
- 22.
Fraser and Jaeggi, Capitalism, Chapter 1.
- 23.
Bonner, Hyslop, and van der Walt, “Workers’ Movements”, p. 1122.
- 24.
van der Linden, Workers of the World, pp. 221–224.
- 25.
Cf. Luff, Commonsense Anticommunism; Luff, “Labor Anticommunism”.
- 26.
van der Linden, Transnational Labour Union, p. 162.
- 27.
Cf. Alcock, History, p. 216.
- 28.
Cf. for example Grandin and Joseph, A Century of Revolution; Feichtinger, “‘A Great Reformatory’”; White, “Capitalism and Counter-Insurgency?”; Berger and Borer, “The Long War”; Huggins, Political Policing.
- 29.
Farid, “Indonesia’s Original Sin”.
- 30.
Moody, Workers, Chapter 9.
- 31.
Scott, Seeing Like a State, p. 2.
- 32.
For example, Mitchell, “The Limits”; Migdal, Strong Societies; Migdal, Kohli, and Shue, State Power.
- 33.
Jessop, The State, pp. 70–71.
- 34.
Bevins, The Jakarta Method.
- 35.
Ezrow and Frantz, Dictators and Dictatorships, especially the “Conclusion”; Lidén, “Theories of Dictatorships”.
- 36.
Acemogul and Robinson, Economic Origins, p. 29.
- 37.
Kohli, “Conclusion”, pp. 409–412.
- 38.
Boudreau, Resisting Dictatorships, p. 11.
- 39.
Wintrobe, The Political Economy, pp. 339–340.
- 40.
For example Borstelmann, Cold War; Lake and Reynolds, Drawing the Global Colour Line; Wendt, “Transnational Perspectives”; Onishi, Transpacific Antiracism.
- 41.
Winant, The World Is a Ghetto, p. 20.
- 42.
Ibid., p. 2.
- 43.
Adas, Machines, p. 12.
- 44.
Harrison, “The Persistent Power”.
- 45.
An illustrative example is the Communist Party of Great Britain and British imperialism; see Smith, “Class Before Race”; Callaghan, “Colonies, Racism, the CPGB”.
- 46.
Guterl and Skwiot, “Atlantic and Pacific Crossings”; Lee, “The ‘Yellow Peril’”.
- 47.
For example, in the American South in the first half of the twentieth century; see Lewis, The White South, p. 12.
- 48.
Stoler, “Sexual Affronts”.
- 49.
Slate, Colored Cosmopolitanism, pp. 2 & 244.
- 50.
Plummer, “Race and the Cold War”.
- 51.
Mullen, Afro-Orientalism, p. 84.
- 52.
Johnstone, “Urban Squatting”; Lee, “Female Immigrants”.
- 53.
Examples for transnational/international studies are Garneau, “Santiago Matacomunistas”; Mc Namara, “The Argument of Strength”; Endres, “An International Dimension”; Powers, “American Catholic”.
- 54.
Cf. Six, Secularism, pp. 146–151.
- 55.
Cf. Bacchetta and Power (eds.), Right-Wing Women.
- 56.
Rubinzal, “Women’s Work”.
- 57.
Brennan, Wives, Mothers, and the Red Menace.
- 58.
Olmsted, “British and US Anticommunism”, pp. 101–103.
- 59.
Power, “Who but a Woman?”. For cross-border dynamics see also Blee and McGee Deutsch (ed.), Women on the Right.
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Six, C. (2020). Anti-Communist Persecutions Between Globe-Spanning Processes and Local Peculiarities. In: Gerlach, C., Six, C. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Anti-Communist Persecutions. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54963-3_24
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