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Radiosurgery for Brain Tumors

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Principles of Neuro-Oncology

Abstract

Intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery was conceived by Swedish neurosurgeon Lars Leksell in the 1950s and was accepted and established as an important neurosurgical technique in the 1980s and 1990s. It is a non-invasive treatment technique, who employs highly conformal doses of ionizing radiation directed at a stereotactically defined intracranial target, whose essential and indispensable characteristics include great precision and high spatial accuracy, as well as the abrupt drop of the dose outside the prescription target, which allows this technique to reduce the risk of healthy brain tissue complications.

Currently, intracranial radiosurgery, is performed using a variety of dedicated or multipurpose radiotherapy units, ranging from the gamma unit, first used in the 1960s, to dedicated and modified linear accelerators. Its objectives in most cases are the eradication or inactivation of a specific target, and it finds its main indications in the treatment of benign, malignant and functional intracranial pathology. Being an ablative and non-invasive technique, it is an alternative therapeutic modality that offers advantages over surgical intervention or conventional radiation therapy. Typically, it is used for small lesions, less than 3–4 cm in diameter larger, which can be unique or multiple, always considering in the indications for their application the mass effect of the injury, location, closeness with critical structures and tumor load of systemic disease.

Therefore, intracranial radiosurgery has established itself as a valuable and effective tool, increasingly used by neurosurgeons and radio oncologists, for the treatment of specific intracranial pathologies in the field of neuro oncology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Radioneurosurgery Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suarez”, Mexico City, Mexico

    G. Axayacalt Gutiérrez-Aceves & Alejandro Rodríguez-Camacho

  2. Neurological Center, American British Cowray, Mexico City, Mexico

    G. Axayacalt Gutiérrez-Aceves, Ignacio Reyes-Moreno & Alberto Gonzalez-Aguilar

  3. Neurosurgery Department, Medical Center “Lic Adolfo Lopez Mateos”, Health Institute of México State, Toluca, México

    G. Axayacalt Gutiérrez-Aceves

  4. Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suarez”, Mexico City, Mexico

    Miguel Angel Celis-Lopez

  5. ANREM, Nuclear Accelerator and Magnetic Resonance, Mexico City, Mexico

    Cinthia P. Garcia

  6. Tomotherapy Department, Hospital Angeles of Pedregal, Mexico City, Mexico

    Cinthia P. Garcia

  7. Cancer Center, American British Cowray, Mexico City, Mexico

    Ignacio Reyes-Moreno

  8. Emergency Department, Neurology Department, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suarez”, Mexico City, Mexico

    Alberto Gonzalez-Aguilar

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  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Aurora Neuroscience Innovation Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA

    Alejandro Monroy-Sosa

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Aurora Neuroscience Innovation Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA

    Srikant S. Chakravarthi

  3. Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico

    Jaime G. de la Garza-Salazar

  4. Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico

    Abelardo Meneses Garcia

  5. Neeka Health, LLC, Milwaukee, WI, USA

    Amin B. Kassam

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Gutiérrez-Aceves, G.A., Celis-Lopez, M.A., Garcia, C.P., Reyes-Moreno, I., Gonzalez-Aguilar, A., Rodríguez-Camacho, A. (2021). Radiosurgery for Brain Tumors. In: Monroy-Sosa, A., Chakravarthi, S.S., de la Garza-Salazar, J.G., Meneses Garcia, A., Kassam, A.B. (eds) Principles of Neuro-Oncology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54879-7_17

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