Increasing the Resistance of Building Materials with Bioactive Hybrid Coverage

Abstract

The paper presents the results of research on the creation of building materials that are highly resistant to the impact of microorganisms using Sol-gel technologies. A modified waste of galvanic production was used as a biocidal component included in the gel matrix. Biological testing of products was performed using bacteria (Escherichia coli, thiobacteria), green algae and microscopic fungus (Aspergillus niger). The effectiveness of the coverage of concrete materials in relation to the listed microorganisms were already evident at the concentration of biocide used in quantities not exceeding 1% by weight of the Sol-gel mixture. Some technological parameters of the process that provides the formation of a protective surface layer of construction products are identified. The duration of contact between the samples and the Sol-gel mixture, which ensures the fungus resistance of the material, was 2 min for ceramic products, and from 30 s to 1 min for concrete products. It is shown that materials with such a coverage are resistant not only to the impact of microorganisms, but also to the effects of other environmental factors, as well as increased strength (there was an increase in the strength of concrete samples impregnated with polymer, on average, by 1.3–1.5 times) and, as a result, high durability.