Abstract
Farm detection using low resolution satellite images is an important part of digital agriculture applications such as crop yield monitoring. However, it has not received enough attention compared to high-resolution images. Although high resolution images are more efficient for detection of land cover components, the analysis of low-resolution images are yet important due to the low-resolution repositories of the past satellite images used for timeseries analysis, free availability and economic concerns. In this paper, semantic segmentation of farm areas is addressed using low resolution satellite images. The segmentation is performed in two stages; First, local patches or Regions of Interest (ROI) that include farm areas are detected. Next, deep semantic segmentation strategies are employed to detect the farm pixels. For patch classification, two previously developed local patch classification strategies are employed; a two-step semi-supervised methodology using hand-crafted features and Support Vector Machine (SVM) modelling and transfer learning using the pretrained Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). For the latter, the high-level features learnt from the massive filter banks of deep Visual Geometry Group Network (VGG-16) are utilized. After classifying the image patches that contain farm areas, the DeepLabv3+ model is used for semantic segmentation of farm pixels. Four different pretrained networks, resnet18, resnet50, resnet101 and mobilenetv2, are used to transfer their learnt features for the new farm segmentation problem. The first step results show the superiority of the transfer learning compared to hand-crafted features for classification of patches. The second step results show that the model trained based on resnet50 achieved the highest semantic segmentation accuracy.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Van Weyenberg, S., Thysen, I., Madsen, C., Vangeyte, J.: ICT-AGRI Country Report (2010)
Schmedtmann, J., Campagnolo, M.L.: Reliable crop identification with satellite imagery in the context of Common Agriculture Policy subsidy control. Remote Sens. 7(7), 9325–9346 (2015)
Leslie, C.R., Serbina, L.O., Miller, H.M.: Landsat and Agriculture—Case Studies on the Uses and Benefits of Landsat Imagery in Agricultural Monitoring and Production: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, p. 27 (2017)
Vorobiova, N.S.: Crops identification by using satellite images and algorithm for calculating estimates. In: CEUR Workshop Proceedings, pp. 419–427 (2016)
Canty, M.J., Nielsen, A.A.: Visualization and unsupervised classification of changes in multispectral satellite imagery. Int. J. Remote Sens. 27, 3961–3975 (2006)
Tian, J., Cui, S., Reinartz, P.: Building change detection based on satellite stereo imagery and digital surface models. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 52, 406–417 (2014)
Rembold, F., Atzberger, C., Savin, I., Rojas, O.: Using low resolution satellite imagery for yield prediction and yield anomaly detection. Remote Sens. 5, 1704–1733 (2013). https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5041704
Fisher, J.R.B., Acosta, E.A., Dennedy-Frank, P.J., Kroeger, T., Boucher, T.M.: Impact of satellite imagery spatial resolution on land use classification accuracy and modeled water quality. Remote Sens. Ecol. Conserv. 4, 137–149 (2018)
Lee, L.W., Francisco, S.: Perceptual information processing system, U.S. Patent 10 618 543 (2004)
Hossain, M.D., Chen, D.: Segmentation for Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA): a review of algorithms and challenges from remote sensing perspective. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 150, 115–134 (2019)
Blaschke, T.: Object based image analysis for remote sensing. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 65, 2–16 (2010)
Paola, J.D., Schowengerdt, R.A.: The effect of neural-network structure on a classification. Am. Soc. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 63, 535–544 (1997)
Hansen, M., Dubayah, R., Defries, R.: Classification trees: an alternative to traditional land cover classifiers. Int. J. Remote Sens. 17(5), 1075–1081 (1996)
Hardin, P.J.: Parametric and nearest-neighbor methods for hybrid classification: a comparison of pixel assignment accuracy. Photogramtnetric Eng. Remote Sens. 60(12), 1439–1448 (1994)
Foody, G.M., Cox, D.P.: Sub-pixel land cover composition estimation using a linear mixture model and fuzzy membership functions. Int. J. Remote Sens. 15(3), 619–631 (1994)
Ryherd, S., Woodcock, C.: Combining spectral and texture data in the segmentation of remotely sensed images. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. 62(2), 181–194 (1996)
Stuckens, J., Coppin, P.R., Bauer, M.E.: Integrating contextual information with per-pixel classification for improved land cover classification. Rem. Sens. Environ. 71(3), 282–296 (2000)
Lang, S.: Object-based image analysis for remote sensing applications: modeling reality – dealing with complexity. In: Blaschke, T., Lang, S., Hay, G.J. (eds.) Object-Based Image Analysis. LNGC. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77058-9_1
Mountrakis, G., Im, J., Ogole, C.: Support vector machines in remote sensing: a review. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 66, 247–259 (2011)
Su, T., Zhang, S.: Local and global evaluation for remote sensing image segmentation. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 130, 256–276 (2017)
Juniati, E., Arrofiqoh, E.N.: Comparison of pixel-based and object-based classification using parameters and non-parameters approach for the pattern consistency of multi scale landcover. In: ISPRS Archives, pp. 765–771. International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (2017)
Lu, D., Weng, Q.: A survey of image classification methods and techniques for improving classification performance. Int. J. Remote Sens. 28(5), 823–870 (2007)
Zhang, L., Yang, K.: Region-of-interest extraction based on frequency domain analysis and salient region detection for remote sensing image. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 11, 916–920 (2014)
Zhang, L., Li, A., Zhang, Z., Yang, K.: Global and local saliency analysis for the extraction of residential areas in high-spatial-resolution remote sensing image. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 54, 3750–3763 (2016)
Han, J., Zhang, D., Cheng, G., Guo, L., Ren, J.: Object detection in optical remote sensing images based on weakly supervised learning and high-level feature learning. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 53, 3325–3337 (2015)
Fu, G., Liu, C., Zhou, R., Sun, T., Zhang, Q.: Classification for high resolution remote sensing imagery using a fully convolutional network. Remote Sens. 9, 1–21 (2017). https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9050498
Muhammad, U., Wang, W., Chattha, S.P., Ali, S.: Pre-trained VGGNet architecture for remote-sensing image scene classification. In: Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition, August 2018, pp. 1622–1627 (2018)
Albert, A., Kaur, J., Gonzalez, M.C.: Using convolutional networks and satellite imagery to identify patterns in urban environments at a large scale (2017)
Wu, M., Zhang, C., Liu, J., Zhou, L., Li, X.: Towards accurate high resolution satellite image semantic segmentation. IEEE Access 7, 55609–55619 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2913442
Long, J., Shelhamer, E., Darrell, T.: Fully convolutional networks for semantic segmentation. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 3431–3440 (2015)
Jégou, S., Drozdzal, M., Vazquez, D., Romero, A., Bengio, Y.: The one hundred layers tiramisu: fully convolutional densenets for semantic segmentation. In: IEEE Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, pp. 11–19 (2017)
Chen, L.C., Yang, Y., Wang, J., Xu, W., Yuille, A.L.: Attention to scale: scale-aware semantic image segmentation. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 3640–3649 (2016)
Wei, Y., Feng, J., Liang, X., Cheng, M.M., Zhao, Y., Yan, S.: Object region mining with adversarial erasing: a simple classification to semantic segmentation approach. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 1568–1576 (2017)
Ronneberger, O., Fischer, P., Brox, T.: U-Net: convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation. In: Navab, N., Hornegger, J., Wells, W.M., Frangi, A.F. (eds.) MICCAI 2015. LNCS, vol. 9351, pp. 234–241. Springer, Cham (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28
Volpi, M., Tuia, D.: Dense semantic labeling of subdecimeter resolution images with convolutional neural networks. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 55, 881–893 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2016.2616585
Culurciello, A.C.: LinkNet: exploiting encoder representations for efficient semantic segmentation. In: IEEE Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP) (2017)
He, K., Sun, J.: Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 770–778 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2016.90
Chen, L.-C., Papandreou, G., Schroff, F., Adam, H.: Rethinking atrous convolution for semantic image segmentation (2017). arXiv:1706.05587
Chen, L., Zhu, Y., Papandreou, G., Schroff, F.: Encoder-decoder with atrous separable convolution for semantic image segmentation
Sharifzadeh, S., Tata, J., Tan, B.: Farm detection based on deep convolutional neural nets and semi- supervised green texture detection using VIS-NIR satellite image important topic in digital agriculture domain. In: Data2019, pp. 100–108 (2019)
Bouvrie, J., Ezzat, T., Poggio, T.: Localized spectro-temporal cepstral analysis of speech. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, pp. 4733–4736 (2008)
Sharifzadeh, S., Skytte, J.L., Clemmensen, L.H., Ersboll, B.K.: DCT-based characterization of milk products using diffuse reflectance images. In: 2013 18th International Conference on Digital Signal Processing, DSP 2013 (2013)
Sharifzadeh, S., Serrano, J., Carrabina, J.: Spectro-temporal analysis of speech for Spanish phoneme recognition. In: 2012 19th International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processing, IWSSIP 2012 (2012)
Landsat.usgs.gov. Landsat 8 | Landsat Missions. https://landsat.usgs.gov. Accessed 17 May 2018
Ali, A.: Comparison of Strengths and Weaknesses of NDVI and Landscape-Ecological Mapping Techniques for Developing an Integrated Land Use Mapping Approach. A case study of the Mekong delta, Vietnam (2009)
Ji, L., Zhang, L., Wylie, B.K., Rover, J.: On the terminology of the spectral vegetation index (NIR − SWIR)/(NIR + SWIR). Int. J. Remote Sens. 32, 6901–6909 (2011)
Li, B., Ti, C., Zhao, Y., Yan, X.: Estimating soil moisture with Landsat data and its application in extracting the spatial distribution of winter flooded paddies. Remote Sens. 8, 38 (2016)
Gao, B.: NDWI—a normalized difference water index for remote sensing of vegetation liquid water from space. Remote Sens. Environ. 266, 257–266 (1996)
Tuceryan, M.: Moment based texture segmentation. In: Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition, pp. 45–48. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. (1992)
MATLAB: Graycomatrix
Haralick, R.M., Dinstein, I., Shanmugam, K.: Textural features for image classification. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 6, 610–621 (1973)
Chang, C., Lin, C.: LIBSVM: a library for support vector machines. ACM Trans. Intel. Syst. Technol. (TIST). 2, 1–39 (2011)
Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R., Friedman, J.: The Elements of Statistical Learning. Springer, New York (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-84858-7
Petropoulos, G.P., Kalaitzidis, C., Prasad Vadrevu, K.: Support vector machines and object-based classification for obtaining land-use/cover cartography from Hyperion hyperspectral imagery. Comput. Geosci. 41, 99–107 (2012)
Li, E., Xia, J., Du, P., Lin, C., Samat, A.: Integrating multilayer features of convolutional neural networks for remote sensing scene classification. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 55(10), 5653–5665 (2017)
Chaib, S., Liu, H., Gu, Y., Yao, H.: Deep feature fusion for VHR remote sensing scene classification. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 55, 4775–4784 (2017)
Image Net. http://www.image-net.org/. Accessed 12 Jan 2019
Chen, L.-C., Papandreou, G., Kokkinos, I., Murphy, K., Yuille, A.L.: Deeplab: semantic image segmentation with deep convolutional nets, atrous convolution, and fully connected crfs (2016). arXiv:1606.00915
Zheng, S., et al.: Conditional random fields as recurrent neural networks. In: ICCV (2015)
Zhao, H., Shi, J., Qi, X., Wang, X., Jia, J.: Pyramid scene parsing network (2016). arXiv:1612.01105
Fu, J., Liu, J., Wang, Y., Lu, H.: Stacked deconvolutional network for semantic segmentation (2017). arXiv:1708.04943
Zhang, Z., Zhang, X., Peng, C., Cheng, D., Sun, J.: Enhancing feature fusion for semantic segmentation (2018). arXiv:1804.03821
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Sharifzadeh, S., Tata, J., Sharifzadeh, H., Tan, B. (2020). Farm Area Segmentation in Satellite Images Using DeepLabv3+ Neural Networks. In: Hammoudi, S., Quix, C., Bernardino, J. (eds) Data Management Technologies and Applications. DATA 2019. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1255. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54595-6_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54595-6_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-54594-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-54595-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)