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Valvular Heart Disease

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Abstract

Valvular heart disease occurs when one or multiple valves of the heart are damaged or diseased. About 2.5% of the US population has valvular heart disease, but it is more common in older adults. About 13% of people born before 1943 have valvular heart disease [1]. In 2017, there were 3046 deaths due to rheumatic valvular heart disease and 24,811 deaths due to non-rheumatic valvular heart disease in the USA. Nearly 25,000 deaths in the USA each year are due to heart valve disease from causes other than rheumatic disease. Valvular heart disease deaths are more commonly due to aortic valve disease [2]. There are several causes of valvular heart disease, including congenital conditions, infections, degenerative conditions (wearing out with age), and conditions linked to other types of heart disease [1]. Valvular heart disease is recognized by finding a heart murmur. Here, even more than elsewhere in cardiology, the physical findings are all important to making a diagnosis and assessing severity. Often, they trump the results of special testing. Murmurs may first be detected in a symptomless patient, perhaps a young would-be athlete at a high school physical examination, or they may be the clue in someone with dyspnea and fluid retention that valvular disease is the reason for their cardiac failure [3]. The family physician is in a particularly challenging position because we will be addressing these potential concerns at every stage of life and often may be dealing with determining the significance of a new heart sound as an incidental finding. Valvular disease may lead to decreased functional status, permanent structural changes, and increased mortality. Timely diagnosis and appropriate testing and consultation are the goals of the family physician, in order to prevent the negative sequelae of inappropriately addressing valvular disease. Learning maneuvers and understanding the sounds present within the heart facilitate appropriate diagnosis [4].

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. West Kendal Baptist Hospital FIU Family Medicine Residency Program, Miami, FL, USA

    Sophia Malary Carter, Wendy Bocaille & Santos Reyes-Alonso

  2. FIU-Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA

    Sophia Malary Carter

  3. Baptist Health Group, Family Medicine Center, Miami, FL, USA

    Sophia Malary Carter

Authors
  1. Sophia Malary Carter
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  2. Wendy Bocaille
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  3. Santos Reyes-Alonso
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sophia Malary Carter .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Family Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA

    Paul M. Paulman

  2. Department of Family and Community Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA

    Robert B. Taylor

  3. Department of Family Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA

    Audrey A. Paulman

  4. Department of Family Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA

    Laeth S. Nasir

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Malary Carter, S., Bocaille, W., Reyes-Alonso, S. (2022). Valvular Heart Disease. In: Paulman, P.M., Taylor, R.B., Paulman, A.A., Nasir, L.S. (eds) Family Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54441-6_193

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54441-6_193

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-54440-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-54441-6

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