Skip to main content

Relationship Between Coffee Processing and Fermentation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Quality Determinants In Coffee Production

Abstract

This chapter presents a review of the different factors inherent in quality, with the initial approach focused on the application of coffee processing and fermentation techniques.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abu Shmeis, R. M. (2018). Water chemistry and microbiology (Vol. 81, 1st ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akbar, A., Medina, A., & Magan, N. (2016). Efficacy of different caffeine concentrations on growth and ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus species. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 63(1), 25–29.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alshannaq, A., & Yu, J. H. (2017). Occurrence, toxicity, and analysis of major mycotoxins in food. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(6), 632.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alves, M. R., Barbosa, J. N., Borém, M. F., Volpato, M. M. L., Vieira, T. G. C., & Lacerda, M. P. C. (2011). Relações entre ambiente e qualidade sensorial de cafés em Minas Gerais. Araxá-MG: VII Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alvindia, D. G., & de Guzman, M. F. (2016). Survey of Philippine coffee beans for the presence of ochratoxigenic fungi. Mycotoxin Research, 32(2), 61–67.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Andrade, M. A., & Lanças, F. (2015). Estado-da-arte na análise cromatográfica de Ocratoxina A em amostras de alimentos. Scientia Chromatographica, 7(1), 31–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arnaud, M. J. (1999). Caffeine: Chemistry and physiological effects. Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition, 1, 206–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Audenaert, K., Vanheule, A., Höfte, M., & Haesaert, G. (2013). Deoxynivalenol: A major player in the multifaceted response of Fusarium to its environment. Toxins, 6(1), 1–19.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Avallone, S. (2001). Guyot B, Brillouet JM, Olguin E, Guiraud JP. Microbiological and biochemical study of coffee fermentation. Current Microbiology, 42, 252–256.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Avallone, S., Brillouet, J. M., Guyot, B., Olguin, E., & Guiraud, J. P. (2002). Involvement of pectolytic micro-organisms in coffee fermentation. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 37(2), 191–198.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Avallone, S., Guiraud, J. P., Guyot, B., Olguin, E., & Brillouet, J. M. (2000). Polysaccharide constituents of Coffee-Bean Mucilage. Journal of Food Science, 65(8), 1308–1311.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Avelino, J., Cristancho, M., Georgiou, S., Imbach, P., Aguilar, L., Bornemann, G., … Morales, C. (2015). The coffee rust crises in Colombia and Central America (2008–2013): Impacts, plausible causes and proposed solutions. Food Security, 7(2), 303–321.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Batista, L. R., & Chalfoun, S. M. (2007). Incidência de Ocratoxina A em diferentes frações do café (Coffea arabica L.) Bóia, mistura e varrição após secagem em sun dried de terra, asfalto e cimento. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 31(3), 804–813.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Batista, L. R., Chalfoun, S. M., Silva, C. F., Cirillo, M., Varga, E. A., & Schwan, R. F. (2009). Ochratoxin A in coffee beans (Coffea arabica L.) processed by dry and wet methods. Food Control, 20(9), 784–790.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bitancourt, A. A. (1957). As ferramentas e podridões da cereja do café. Boletim da Superintendência dos Serviços do Café, São Paulo, 32(359), 7–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borém, F. M., Coradi, P. C., Saath, R., & Oliveira, J. A. (2008). Qualidade do café natural e despolpado após secagem em terreiro e com altas temperaturas. Ciencia e Agrotecnologia, 32(5), 1609–1615.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borém, F. M., Ribeiro, D. M., Pereira, R. G. F. A., Rosa, S. D. V. F. D., & Morais, A. R. D. (2006). Qualidade do café submetido a diferentes temperaturas, fluxos de ar e períodos de pré-secagem. Coffee Science, Lavras, 1(1), 55–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brando, C. H. J., & Brando, M. F. P. (2009). Methods of coffee fermentation and drying. In R. Schwan & G. H. Fleet (Eds.), Cocoa and coffee fermentations. Boca Raton, MA: CRC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryden, W. L. (2012). Mycotoxin contamination of the feed supply chain: Implications for animal productivity and feed security. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 173(1–2), 134–158.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buchanan, R. L., Tice, G., & Marino, D. (1982). Caffeine inhibition of ochratoxin A production. Journal of Food Science, 47(1), 319–321.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bucheli, P., & Taniwaki, M. H. (2002). Research on the origin and the impact of posharvest handling and manufacturing on the presence of ochratoxin A in coffee – Review. Food Additives and Contaminants, 19, 655–665.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bytof, G., Knopp, S. E., Kramer, D., Breitenstein, B. R., Bergervoet, H. W., Groot, S. P. C., & Selmar, D. (2007). Transient occurrence of seed germination processes during coffee post-harvest treatment. Annals of Botany. Oxford Journals, 100, 61–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bytof, G., Knopp, S. E., Schieberle, P., Teutsch, I., & Selmar, D. (2005). Influence of processing on the generation of g-aminobutyric acid in green coffee beans. European Food Research and Technology, 220, 245–250.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cardoso, W. S., Pereira, L. L., Aten, C. S. Ten, Guarconi, R. C., Peisino, F. M., Junior, D. B., … Marcate, J. P. P (2016). Processamento de Café Arábica Por Fermentação Induzida via Úmida. 21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castellanos-Onorio, O., Gonzalez-Rios, O., Guyot, B., Fontana, T. A., Guiraud, J. P., Schorr-Galindo, S., … Suárez-Quiroz, M. (2011). Effect of two different roasting techniques on the ochratoxin A (OTA) reduction in coffee beans (Coffea arabica). Food Control, 22(8), 1184–1188.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Centro Nacionale de Investigación de Café – Cenicafé. (2015). Avanços técnicos, Programa de Investigación Científica Fondo Nacional del Café, abril de. Disponível em: http://www.cenicafe.org/es/publications/avt0454.pdf.

  • Chalfoun, S. M. (2010). Controle biológico e metabólitos microbianos bioativos: uma perspectiva da qualidade do café. Ciên Agrotec, 34(5), 1071–1085.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chalfoun, S. M., & Parizzi, F. C. (2014). Toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in coffee. p. 217–231. In Handbook of coffee post-harvest technology (pp. 316–324). Paris: Chimie des Caf’es Verts” ASIC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chalfoun, S. M., Parizzi, F. C., & Borém, F. M. (2008). Fungos toxigênicos e micotoxinas em café. Borém: Pós-colheita do café (p. 513). Lavras, Editora UFLA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ciani, M., Comitini, F., Mannazzu, I., & Domizio, P. (2010). Controlled mixed culture fermentation: A new perspective on the use of non-Saccharomyces yeasts in winemaking. FEMS Yeast Research, 10(2), 123–133.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, R. J., & Macrae, R. (1987). Coffee: Volume 2: Technology. Chicago, IL: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coffea, C., Em, L., & Estágios, D. (2019). Isolation and counting of coffee fruit (Coffea arabica L.) shell and pulp microbiota in two development stages. p. 1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coppock, R. W., Christian, R. G., & Jacobsen, B. J. (2018). Aflatoxins. In Veterinary toxicology (pp. 983–994). Amsterdam: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coronel, M. B., Sanchis, V., Ramos, A. J., & Marin, S. (2010). Ochratoxin A: Presence in human plasma and intake estimation. Food Science and Technology International, 16(1), 5–18.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • da Silva, R. F., Pereira, R. G. F. A., Borém, F. M., & Muniz, J. A. (2004). Qualidade do café-cereja descascado produzido na região sul de Minas Gerais. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 28(6), 1367–1375.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Bruyn, F., Zhang, S. J., Pothakos, V., Torres, J., Lambot, C., Moroni, A. V., … De Vuyst, L. (2016). Exploring the impact of post-harvest processing on the microbiota and metabolite profiles during a case of green coffee bean production. Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Bruyn, F., Zhang, S. J., Pothakos, V., Torres, J., Lambot, C., Moroni, A. V., … De Vuyst, L. (2017). Exploring the impacts of postharvest processing on the microbiota and metabolite profiles during green coffee bean production. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 83(1).

    Google Scholar 

  • de Castro, R., & Marraccini, P. (2006). Cytology, biochemistry and molecular changes during coffee fruit development. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 18(1), 175–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Melo Pereira, G. V., de Carvalho Neto, D. P., Júnior, A. I. M., Vásquez, Z. S., Medeiros, A. B., Vandenberghe, L. P., & Soccol, C. R. (2019). Exploring the impacts of postharvest processing on the aroma formation of coffee beans – A review. Food Chemistry, 272, 441–452. Disponível em. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0308814618314663

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Melo Pereira, G. V., Neto, E., Soccol, V. T., Medeiros, A. B. P., Woiciechowski, A. L., & Soccol, C. R. (2015). Conducting starter culture-controlled fermentations of coffee beans during on-farm wet processing: Growth, metabolic analyses and sensorial effects. Food Research International, 75, 348–356.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Melo Pereira, G. V., Soccol, V. T., & Soccol, C. R. (2016). Current state of research on cocoa and coffee fermentations. Current Opinion in Food Science, 7, 50–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dias, E. C., Borém, F. M., Pereira, R. G. F. A., & Guerreiro, M. C. (2012). Amino acid profiles in unripe Arabica coffee fruits processed using wet and dry methods. European Food Research and Technology, 234, 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-011-1607-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Do Rego, E. C., Leal, R. V., Bandeira, R. D., da Silva, M. R., Campos, E. G., Petronilho, C. F., & Rodrigues, J. M. (2019). Challenges on production of a certified reference material of ochratoxin A in roasted coffee: A Brazilian experience. Journal of AOAC International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dos Santos, T. T., & Varavallo, M. A. (2011). Aplicação de microrganismos endofíticos na agricultura e na produção de substâncias de interesse econômico. Semina: Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, 32(2), 199–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evangelista, S. R., Miguel, M. G. D. C. P., de Souza Cordeiro, C., Silva, C. F., Pinheiro, A. C. M., & Schwan, R. F. (2014). Inoculation of starter cultures in a semi-dry coffee (Coffea arabica) fermentation process. Food Microbiology, 44, 87–95.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Evangelista, S. R., Miguel, M. G. D. C. P., Silva, C. F., Pinheiro, A. C. M., & Schwan, R. F. (2015). Microbiological diversity associated with the spontaneous wet method of coffee fermentation. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 210, 102–112.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Evangelista, S. R., Silva, C. F., da Cruz Miguel, M. G. P., de Souza Cordeiro, C., Pinheiro, A. C. M., Duarte, W. F., & Schwan, R. F. (2014). Improvement of coffee beverage quality by using selected yeasts strains during the fermentation in dry process. Food Research International, 61, 183–195.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fleet, G. H. (2007). Yeasts in foods and beverages: Impact on product quality and safety. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 18(2), 170–175.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fonseca, H. (1994). Aflatoxin removal from peanut meals with commercial aqueous ethyl alcohol. Revista de Microbiologia, 25(2), 101–106.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Genari, R. (1999). Características DE Crescimento E Produção de Pectinases Por Klebsiella oxytoca Isolada de Frutos de Café. Viçosa

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez-Rios, O., Suarez-Quiroz, M. L., Boulanger, R., Barel, M., Guyot, B., Guiraud, J. P., & Schorr-Galindo, S. (2007). Impact of “ecological” post- harvest processing on coffee aroma: II. Roasted coffee. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 20, 297–307.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grafton, R. Q., Daugbjerg, C., & Qureshi, M. E. (2015). Towards food security by 2050. Food Security, 7(2), 179–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gudi, P. (2017). Carbonic Maceration (A unique way of coffee processing). p. 1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hameed, A., Hussain, S. A., Ijaz, M. U., Ullah, S., Pasha, I., & Suleria, H. A. R. (2018). Farm to consumer: Factors affecting the organoleptic characteristics of coffee. II: Postharvest Processing Factors. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety., 17(5), 1184–1237.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hickinbotham, S. J. (1986). Method for producing wine by fall carbonic Maceration Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoseney, R. C. (1991). Princípios de ciencia y tecnologia de los cereales (p. 246). Zaragozza: Editorial Acribia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iamanaka, B. T., Teixeira, A. A., Teixeira, A. R. R., Copetti, M. V., Bragagnolo, N., & Taniwaki, M. H. (2014). Reprint of “The mycobiota of coffee beans and its influence on the coffee beverage”. Food Research International, 61, 33–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IOC – International Coffee Organization. (2018). Série Histórica. 2018b. Disponível em: Acesso em: 30 jul.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackels, S., Jackels, C., Vallejos, C., Kleven, S., Rivas, R., & Fraser-Dauphinee, S. (2005). Control of the Coffee Fermentation Process and Quality of Resulting Roasted Coffee: Studies in the Field Laboratory and on Small Farms in Nicaragua During the 2005–06. 21st International Conference on Coffee Science, Montpellier, France, 11–15 September, 2006. Association Scientifique Internationale du Café (ASIC), n. August 2014, p. 434–442.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jalili, M. (2016). A review on aflatoxins reduction in food. Iranian Journal of Health, Safety and Environment, 3(1), 445–459.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joët, T., Laffargue, A., Descroix, F., Doulbeau, S., Bertrand, B., & Dussert, S. (2010). Influence of environmental factors, wet processing and their interactions on the biochemical composition of green Arabica coffee beans. Food Chemistry, 118, 693–701.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kleinwächter, M., & Selmar, D. (2010). Influence of drying on the content of sugars in wet processed green Arabica coffees. Food Chemistry, 119, 500–504.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kouadio, I. A., Koffi, M. K., & Dosso, M. B. (2014). Effect of Robusta (Coffea canephora P.) coffee cherries storage after harvest before putting out for sun drying on development of toxigenic fungi and the variation of the physicochemical components. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 5(02), 117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krohling, C. A., Sobreira, F., Costalonga, E. C., Saraiva, U., Moteiro, V. (2013). Avaliação da qualidade da bebida do café arábica na pós-colheita na região de montanhas-es com o uso da cal virgem ou calcário. CBPC (39.:2013: Poços de Caldas, MG) – Anais [280]. Available in: http://www.sbicafe.ufv.br/bitstream/handle/123456789/6996/29_39-CBPC-2013.pdf?

  • Lee, L. W., Cheong, M. W., Curran, P., Yu, B., & Liu, S. Q. (2015). Coffee fermentation and flavor – An intricate and delicate relationship. Food Chemistry, 185, 182–191.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, L. W., Cheong, M. W., Curran, P., Yu, B., & Liu, S. Q. (2016). Modulation of coffee aroma via the fermentation of green coffee beans with Rhizopus oligosporus: I. Green coffee. Food Chemistry, 211, 916–924.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leitão, A. L. (2019). Occurrence of ochratoxin A in coffee: Threads and solutions—A mini-review. Beverages, 5(2), 36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levi, C. P., Trenk, H. L., & Mohr, H. K. (1974). Study of the occurrence of ochratoxin A in green coffee beans. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 57(4), 866–870.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, C. (2010). Approach of improving coffee industry in Taiwan-promote quality of coffee bean by fermentation. The Journal of International Management Studies, 5(1), 154–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malir, F., Ostry, V., Pfohl-Leszkowicz, A., Malir, J., & Toman, J. (2016). Ochratoxin A: 50 years of research. Toxins, 8(7), 191.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malta, M. R., da Rosa, S. D. V. F., Lima, P. M., de Oliveira Fassio, L., & Santos, J. B. (2013). Alterações na qualidade do café submetido a diferentes formas de processamento e secagem. Reveng Engenharia na Agricultura, Viçosa, 21(5), 431–440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez, A. E. P. (2010). Estudio de la remoción del mucílago de café através de fermentación natural. Maestria em Desarrollo Sostenible y Medio Ambiente. Universidad de Manizales, II Cohrote, Manizales, Caldas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martınez-Rodrıguez, A. J., & Santiago, A. V. C. (2011). Application of the hazard analysis and critical control point system to winemaking: Ochratoxin A. Mol. Wine Microbiol, 319.

    Google Scholar 

  • Masoud, W., Bjørg Cesar, L., Jespersen, L., & Jakobsen, M. (2004). Yeast involved in fermentation of Coffea arabica in East Africa determined by genotyping and by direct denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis. Yeast, 21, 549–556.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Milanez, T. V., & Leitão, M. F. F. (1996). The effect of cooking on ochratoxin A content of beans, variety ‘carioca’. Food Additives & Contaminants, 13(1), 89–93.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monteiro, T.. (2008). Diversidade Genética de Bactérias Endofíticas Associadas A Frutos de Café (Coffea arabica L.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Musebe, R., Agwanda, C., & Mekonen, M.(. 2007). Primary coffee processing in Ethiopia: patterns, constrains and determinants, p. 1417–1421. Disponível em: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228470404%0APrimary.

  • Muschler, R. G. (2001). Shade improves coffee quality in a sub-optimal coffee-zone of Costa Rica. Agroforestry Systems, 85, 131–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Napolitano, A., Fogliano, V., Tafuri, A., & Ritieni, A. (2007). Natural occurrence of ochratoxin A and antioxidant activities of green and roasted coffees and corresponding byproducts. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(25), 10499–10504.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nartowicz, V. B., Buchanan, R. L., & Segall, S. (1979). Aflatoxin production in regular and decaffeinated coffee beans. Journal of Food Science, 44(2), 446–448.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nehad, E. A., Farag, M. M., Kawther, M. S., Abdel-Samed, A. K. M., & Naguib, K. (2005). Stability of ochratoxin A (OTA) during processing and decaffeination in commercial roasted coffee beans. Food Additives and Contaminants, 22(8), 761–767.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Neto, A. D. S. P. N., Azevedo, J. L., & Araújo, W. L. (1998). Microrganismos endofíticos. Biotecnologia Ciência & Desenvolvimento, 29, 62–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nobre, G. W., Borém, F. M., Fernandes, S. M., & Pereira, R. G. F. A. (2007). Alterações químicas do café-cereja descascado durante o armazenamento. Coffee Science, Lavras, 2(1), 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oestreich-Janzen, S. (2010). Chemistry of coffee. In Comprehensive natural products II: Chemistry and biology (3rd ed., pp. 1085–1117). Amsterdam, Holland: Elsevier.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira, M. N. V., Santos, T. M., Vale, H. M., Delvaux, J. C., Cordero, A. P., Ferreira, A. B., … Borges, A. C. (2013). Endophytic microbial diversity in coffee cherries of Coffea arabica from southeastern Brazil. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 59(4), 221–230.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Organization, I. C. (2018). Processamento no campo. p. 4–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paterson, R. R. M., Lima, N., & Taniwaki, M. H. (2014). Coffee, mycotoxins and climate change. Food Research International, 61, 1–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pereira, G. V. M. et al. (2014). Isolation, selection and evaluation of yeasts for use in fermentation of coffee beans by the wet process. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 188, 60–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pereira, L. L. (2017). Novas Abordagens Para Produção de Cafés Especiais A Partir do Processamento via-Úmida. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Escola de Engenharia Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Engenharia de Produção.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pereira, L. L. et al. (2017). Los caminos de la qualidade: um estudio sobre la visión de expertos e produtores rurales a respeto e processos y tecnologias. Ijkem, Int. J. Knowl. Eng. Manage., Florianópolis, v. 6, n. 15, jul./out.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pereira, L. L., Carvalho Guarçoni, R., Soares Cardoso, W., Côrrea Taques, R., Rizzo Moreira, T., da Silva, S. F., & ten Caten, C. S. (2018). Influence of solar radiation and wet processing on the final quality of Arabica coffee. Journal of Food Quality, 2018.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pereira, L. L., Guarçoni, R. C., Moreira, T. R., Brioschi, D., Jr., Marcate, J. P. P., de Sousa, L. H. B. P., … Ten Caten, C. S. (2019). Sensory profile of fermented Arabica coffee in the perception of American cupping tasters. Agricultural Sciences, 10(03), 321–329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pereira, L. L., Guarçoni, R. C., Pinheiro, P. F., Osório, V. M., Pinheiro, C. A., Moreira, T. R., & ten Caten, C. S. (2020). New propositions about coffee wet processing: Chemical and sensory perspectives. Food Chemistry, 310(2019), 125943.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perez de Obanos, A., Gonzalez-Penas, E., & Lopez de Cerain, A. (2005). Influence of roasting and brew preparation on the ochratoxin A content in coffee infusion. Food Additives and Contaminants, 22(5), 463–471.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pimenta, C. J. (2003). Qualidade de café (p. 304). Lavras: UFLA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poltronieri, P., & Rossi, F. (2016). Challenges in specialty coffee processing and quality assurance. Challenges, 7(2), 19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Puerta, G. I. (1999). Influencia del proceso de beneficio en la calidad del café. Cenicafé, 50(1), 78–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quintero, G. I. P. (1996). Evaluación de la calidad del café colombiano procesado por vía seca. Cenicafé, 47(2), 85–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quintero, G. I. P. (1999). Influencia del proceso de benefício en la calidad del Café. Cenicafé, 50(1), 78–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quintero, G. I. P. (2000). Influencia de los granos de café cosechados verdes, en la calidad física y organoléptica de la bebida. Cenicafé, Bogotá, Colômbia, 51(2), 136–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quintero, G. I. P., Mejía, J. M., & Betancur, G. A. O. (2012). Microbiología de la fermentación del mucílago de café según su madurez y selección. Cenicafé, 63(2), 58–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quintero, G. I. P., & Molina, J. G. E. (2015). Fermentación controlada del café: Tecnología para agregar valor a la calidad. Cenicafé, p. 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinato, C. H. R., Borem, F. M., Cirillo, M. Â., & Oliveira, E. C. (2012). Qualidade do café secado em sun dried com diferentes pavimentações e espessuras de camadas. Coffee Science, Lavras, 7(3), 223–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro, J. S., Ferreira, M. M. C., & Salva, T. J. C. (2012). Chemometric models for the quantitative descriptive sensory analysis of Arabica coffee beverages using near infrared spectroscopy. Talanta, 83, 1352–1358.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro, L. S., Miguel, M. G. D. C. P., Evangelista, S. R., Martins, P. M. M., van Mullem, J., Belizario, M. H., & Schwan, R. F. (2017). Behavior of yeast inoculated during semi-dry coffee fermentation and the effect on chemical and sensorial properties of the final beverage. Food Research International, 92, 26–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro, L. S., Ribeiro, D. E., Evangelista, S. R., Miguel, M. G. D. C. P., Pinheiro, A. C. M., Borém, F. M., & Schwan, R. F. (2017). Controlled fermentation of semi-dry coffee (Coffea arabica) using starter cultures: A sensory perspective. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 82, 32–38.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakiyama, C. C. H., Paula, E. M., Pereira, P. C., Borges, A. C., & Silva, D. O. (2001). Characterization of pectin lyase produced by an endophytic strain isolated from coffee cherries. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 33(2), 117–121.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Santos, M. A., Chalfoun, S. A., & Pimenta, C. J. (2009). Influência do processamento por via úmida e tipos de secagem sobre a composição, físico química e química do café (coffea arábica L). Ciência Agrotécnica, Lavras, 33(1), 213–218.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santos, T. M. A. (2008). Diversidade genética de bactérias endofíticas associadas a frutos de café (Coffea arabica L.). Dissertação (Mestrado em Microbiologia Agrícola)–Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, C. A. P., & Miglioranza, E. (2010). Análise Sensorial e o Café: Uma Revisão. Revista Cientifica Inovação e Tecnologia, 1(2175–1846), 10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwan, R. F., Fleet, G., & Cocoa, H. (2015). Coffee fermentations. Disponível em: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780123847300000744.

  • Scott, P. M. (1984). Effects of food processing on mycotoxins. Journal of Food Protection, 47(6), 489–499.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Selmar, D., Bytof, S., Knopp, E., & Breitenstein, B. (2006). Germination of coffee seeds and its significance for coffee quality. Short research paper. Plant Biology, 8, 260–264.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shuler, J. D. (2017). Effect of the presence of the pericarp on the chemical composition and sensorial attributes of Arabica coffee Lavras – MG.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silva, A. V. L. (2010). Camargo. Clima E Qualidade Natural de Bebida de Café NA Região Mogiana do Estado de São Paulo. Dissertação, p. 66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silva, C. F. (2004). Sucessão microbiana e caracterização enzimática da microbiota associada aos frutos e grãos de café (Coffea arabica L.) do município de Lavras – MG. – Lavras: UFLA, Tese (doutorado). Universidade Federal de Lavras.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silva, C. F. (2014). Microbial activity during coffee fermentation. In R. F. Schwan & G. H. Fleet (Eds.), Cocoa and coffee fermentations (pp. 398–423). New York: CRC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silva, C. F., Batista, L. R., Abreu, L. M., Dias, E. S., & Schwan, R. F. (2008). Succession of bacterial and fungal communities during natural coffee (Coffea arabica) fermentation. Food Microbiology Journal, 25, 951–957.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silva, C. F., Batista, L. R., Abreu, L. M., Dias, E. S., & Schwana, R. F. (2008). Succession of bacterial and fungal communities during natural coffee ( Coffea arabica ) fermentation. Food Microbiology Journal, 25, 951–957.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silva, C. F., Vilela, D. M., de Souza Cordeiro, C., Duarte, W. F., Dias, D. R., & Schwan, R. F. (2013). Evaluation of a potential starter culture for enhance quality of coffee fermentation. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 29(2), 235–247.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Silva, C. F., Schwan, R. F., Dias, Ë. S., & Wheals, A. E. (2000). Microbial diversity during maturation and natural processing of coffee cherries of Coffea arabica in Brazil. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 60, 251–260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silva, J. D. S., Moreli, A. P., Soares, S. F., & Vitor, D. G. (2013). Produção de Café Cereja Descascado – Equipamentos e Custo de Processamento. Comunicado Técnico, 4, 1–16.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silva, R. F., Pereira, R. G. F., Borém, F. M., & Muniz, J. A. (2004). Qualidade do café-cereja descascado produzido na região Sul de Minas Gerais. Ciência Agrotécnica, Lavras, 28(6), 1367–1375.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simões, R. D. O., Faroni, L. R. D., & de Queiroz, D. M. (2008). Qualidade dos Grãos de Café (Coffea arábica L.) Em Coco Processados Por via SECA. Caatinga, 21(2), 139–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sivertz, M., Desrosier, N. W. (1979). Physical and chemical aspects of coffee. Coffee Techonology, Westpor, p. 527–575.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soares, L. M. V., & Furlani, R. P. Z. (1996). Survey of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone and sterigmatocystin in health foods and breakfast cereals commercialized in the city of Campinas. In São Paulo. Ciencia e: Tecnologia de Alimentos (Brazil).

    Google Scholar 

  • Soares, S. S., Soares, V. F., Soares, G. S., Rocha, A. C., Moreli, A. P., & Prezotti, L. C. (2007). Destinação da água residuária do processamento dos frutos do cafeeiro. In R. G. Ferrão et al. (Eds.), Café Conilon. Vitória-ES: Incaper.

    Google Scholar 

  • Somporn, C., Kamtuo, A., Theerakulpisut, P., & Siriamornpun, S. (2012). Effect of shading on yield, sugar content, phenolic acids and antioxidant property of coffee beans (Coffea Arabica L. cv. Catimor) harvested from north-eastern Thailand. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 92(9), 1956–1963.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Strickler, S. R., & Mathieu, G. (2015). Differential regulation of caffeine metabolism in Coffea arabica (Arabica) and Coffea canephora (Robusta). Planta, 241(1), 179–191.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suárez-Quiroz, M., González-Rios, O., Barel, M., Guyot, B., Schorr-Galindo, S., & Guiraud, J. P. (2004b). Study of ochratoxin A-producing strains in coffee processing. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 39(5), 501–507.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suárez-Quiroz, M. L., González-Rios, O., Barel, M., Guyot, B., Schorr-Galindo, S., & Guiraud, J. P. (2004a). Effect of chemical and environmental factors on Aspergillus ochraceus growth and toxigenesis in green coffee. Food Microbiology, 21(6), 629–634.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sunarharum, W. B., Williams, D. J., & Smyth, H. E.. (2014). Complexity of coffee flavor: A compositional and sensory perspective. Food Research International, 62, 315–325. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2014.02.030.

  • Svanström, Å. (2013). Trehalose metabolism and stress resistance in Aspergillus niger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swiegers, J. H., Bartowsky, E. J., Henschke, P. A., & Pretorius, I. (2005). Yeast and bacterial modulation of wine aroma and flavour. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 11(2), 139–173.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Syed, B., Sahana, S., Rakshith, D., H.U., Kavitha, K. S. K., & Satish, S. (2012). Biodecaffeination by endophytic Pseudomonas sp. isolated from Coffee arabica L. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 5(7), 3654–3657.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tesniere, C., & Flanzy, C. (2011). Carbonic maceration wines: Characteristics and winemaking process. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, 63, 1–15.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ukers, W. H. (1922). All about coffee. Inter-American Copyright Union. By Burr Printing House. 1st edition

    Google Scholar 

  • Van der Stegen, G. H., Essens, P. J., & van der Lijn, J. (2001). Effect of roasting conditions on reduction of ochratoxin A in coffee. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49(10), 4713–4715.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van der Merwe, K. J., Steyn, P. S., Fourie, L., Scott, D. B., & Theron, J. J. (1965). Ochratoxin A, a toxic metabolite produced by Aspergillus ochraceus Wilh. Nature, 205(4976), 1112.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Rikxoort, H., Schroth, G., Läderach, P., & Rodríguez-Sánchez, B. (2014). Carbon footprints and carbon stocks reveal climate-friendly coffee production. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 34(4), 887–897.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Velmourougane, K., Bhat, R., Gopinandhan, T. N., & Panneerselvam, P. (2011). Management of Aspergillus ochraceus and Ochratoxin-A contamination in coffee during on-farm processing through commercial yeast inoculation. Biological Control, 57(3), 215–221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Viegas, C., Pacífico, C., Faria, T., de Oliveira, A. C., Caetano, L. A., Carolino, E., … Viegas, S. (2017). Fungal contamination in green coffee beans samples: A public health concern. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 80(13–15), 719–728.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vilela, D. M. (2011). Seleção in vitro de Culturas Iniciadoras Para Fermentação de Frutos DE Café ( Coffea arabica L.) Processados via SECA E Semi-SECA. Tese, p. 80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vilela, D. M., Pereira, G. V. D. M., Silva, C. F., Batista, L. R., & Schwan, R. F. (2010). Molecular ecology and polyphasic characterization of the microbiota associated with semi-dry processed coffee (Coffea arabica L.). Food Microbiology, 27(8), 1128–1135.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Visagie, C. M., Varga, J., Houbraken, J., Meijer, M., KocsubÚ, S., Yilmaz, N., … Samson, R. A. (2014). Ochratoxin production and taxonomy of the yellow aspergilli (Aspergillus section Circumdati). Studies in Mycology, 78, 1–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wintgens, J. N. (2004). Coffee: Growing, processing, sustainable environment. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 40(6), 683–687.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wootton, A. E. (1974). The dry matter loss from parchment coffee during.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamada, C. M. (1999). Detecção de microrganismos endofíticos em frutos de café. Dissertação (Mestrado em Microbiologia Agrícola) – Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Pereira, L.L. et al. (2021). Relationship Between Coffee Processing and Fermentation. In: Louzada Pereira, L., Rizzo Moreira, T. (eds) Quality Determinants In Coffee Production. Food Engineering Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54437-9_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics