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Neurobiology of Insomnia

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Sleep Neurology

Abstract

The present chapter will discuss the neurobiology of insomnia. After briefly defining insomnia according to the DSM-5 and the ICSD-2 previous subtypes, prevalence of the disorder will be introduced. Then this chapter will present the sleep-wake regulation system to identify how insomnia might be developed and what is impaired in suffering individuals, especially regarding the flip-flop switch. Techniques used to study the neurobiology of insomnia such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and event-related potentials (ERPs) will be presented. A discussion on the different phenotypes of insomnia, including recent developments in our knowledge of short sleepers and the challenged group of insomnia sufferers (INS), will follow. Finally, the status of our understanding of daily functioning in insomnia and cortical areas involved will be briefly presented. Future directions will conclude this chapter, including an interesting perspective on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and insomnia. Note that this chapter deals only with insomnia not comorbid with any other disorders (psychiatric, mental, medical, etc.).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Frequency and amplitude are measured, respectively, in hertz (Hz) and microvolts (ÎĽV).

  2. 2.

    Note that valence and peak latency are used to label the different components. For instance, “N” refers to a negative wave and “P” refers to a positive wave, whereas N100 and N350 (or N1 and N35) refer to negative waves peaking, respectively, at about 100 or 350 ms after stimulus onset, and P100, P200, and P300 (or P1, P2, and P3) refer to positive waves peaking, respectively, at about 100, 200, or 300 ms after stimulus onset.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada

    Célyne H. Bastien, Thierry Provencher, Jessica Lebel & Roxanne Bolduc-Landry

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  1. CĂ©lyne H. Bastien
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  2. Thierry Provencher
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  3. Jessica Lebel
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Correspondence to CĂ©lyne H. Bastien .

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  1. Sleep Disorders Center, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Lourdes M. DelRosso

  2. Sleep Research Centre, Oasi Maria SS, TROINA, Enna, Italy

    Raffaele Ferri

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Bastien, C.H., Provencher, T., Lebel, J., Bolduc-Landry, R. (2021). Neurobiology of Insomnia. In: DelRosso, L.M., Ferri, R. (eds) Sleep Neurology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54359-4_7

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