Abstract
The research regarding the use of the UPICC in order to interpret or supplement contract law in Greece has shown that there is no invocation of the UPICC as representing “trade usages” or “customs” in the field of contract law. However, it has to be noted that many provisions of the UPICC have a counterpart in the provisions of the Greek Civil Code. It can be also considered that Article 2.1.20 (Surprising terms) has a counterpart in L. 2251/1994 for the protection of the Consumer, as subsequently amended and codified. Also, those provisions of the UPICC that have no counterpart can be used to show that international common usages indicate that the contract should be interpreted in the same way in Greece as well.
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Notes
- 1.
See, among many others, Georgiades (2012), p. 24.
- 2.
NoV (= Nomiko Vima, Legal Tribune) 29, 562.
- 3.
Pamboukis (1993), pp. 261, 266, characterizes the lex mercatoria as “a modern artillery against the regulatory state”.
- 4.
Bernitsas (1986), pp. 315, 357–359.
- 5.
Article 25 GCC. Obligations arising from a contract. Obligations arising from contracts are governed by the law in which the interested parties have been submitted. If there is not such a law, the law which is appropriate in regard to the contract considering the whole of the special circumstances applies.
- 6.
Contra Pamboukis (1994), p. 1151, note 47, according to whom the Greek substantive law is tacitly applied.
- 7.
- 8.
For the distinction between the autonomous and the heteronomous application see Pamboukis (1996), p. 131 f.
- 9.
See, in the Greek bibliography, Beis (1994), p. 388; Bernitsas (1986), pp. 315, 357; Maridakis (1970), p. 121; Pamboukis (1994), p. 125; Perakis (2011), p. 161 and pp. 67, 68, who mentions that the Greek Code of Civil Procedure explicitly provides in art. 890 that the arbitrators apply the provisions of substantial law “if it is not otherwise stipulated in the arbitration agreement”, which means that they can judge on the basis of the general principles of law or of the lex mercatoria.
- 10.
- 11.
Flambouras (2001), pp. 229–231.
- 12.
See Flambouras (2001), pp. 231–234.
- 13.
Cf., however, Voulgaris (2008), p. 29, according to whom the UPICC constitute an unofficial codification of the lex mercatoria in the relevant matters.
- 14.
Flambouras (2001), pp. 234, 235.
- 15.
Flambouras (2001), p. 235.
- 16.
ICC 8873/1998 CLUNET (1998), p. 1017.
- 17.
- 18.
Flambouras (2001), p. 239; idem, Exemption of Liability for non - Execution of the Contract of Sale in the Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, (in Greek), EempD (= Epitheorissi Emporikou Dikaiou, Commercial Law Revue) 2000, 679, 710.
- 19.
The translation in English of the provisions of L. 2251/1994 has been found in Karakostas (2012).
- 20.
As the first sentence of § 6, which had been replaced by virtue of § 24 of art. 10 of L. 2741/1999 (Greek Official Gazette A’, 199), was replaced by virtue of § 2 of art. 2 of L. 3587/2007 (Greek Official Gazette A’, 152).
- 21.
As § 10 was added by virtue of § 24 of art. 10 of L. 2741/1999 (Official Gazette A’ 199).
- 22.
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Dacoronia, E. (2021). Questionnaire on the Use of the UPICC in Order to Interpret or Supplement National Contract Law: Greece. In: Garro, A., Moreno Rodríguez, J.A. (eds) Use of the UNIDROIT Principles to Interpret and Supplement Domestic Contract Law. Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law, vol 51. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54322-8_10
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