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Natural Compounds Extracted from Medicinal Plants and Their Immunomodulatory Activities

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Bioactive Natural Products for Pharmaceutical Applications

Part of the book series: Advanced Structured Materials ((STRUCTMAT,volume 140))

Abstract

The fight against cancer cells in the human body involves a defense system that is comprised of the innate and adaptive immunities which are controlled by a series of immune responses mediated by different immune cells (ICs) and their secretory substances including cytokines and chemokines. Natural substances, synthetic compounds, and antibody elements are used as immunostimulating and immunosuppressive agents. But here are certain restrictions to the overall use of these compounds, such as the increased risk of infection and generalized effect throughout the immune system. The use of plants and plant products as immunomodulators is still in a developing stage. At non-cytotoxic concentrations, the phytoconstituents exhibited three types of immunomodulation including type 1 of PHA, ConA, and quercetin (increased lymphocyte activation and IFN-γ secretion); type 2 of isopimpinellin (enhanced lymphocyte activation) and type 3 of rutin, bergapten and xanthotoxin (elevated IFN-γ secretion). The augmentation of lymphocyte proliferation was closely correlated to an increase in the number of lymphocyte cells including T-helper lymphocytes (CD4+), CD8+ T cells and activated PBMC, whereas elevation of IFN-γ secretion was due to the activated CD8+ T cells. The present chapter revealed the immunomodulating activity, which could be explained the traditional use of medicinal plant extract worldwide.

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Abbreviations

ABCG2:

ATP-binding cassette super-family G member-2

ADA:

Adenosine deaminase

ADCC:

Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity

AINFLCs:

Anti-inflammatory Cytokine

AL:

Alkaline Phosphatase

APCs:

Antigen-Presenting Cells

BAOECs:

Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells

BRMs:

Biological Response Modifiers

CAMs:

Cell Adhesion Molecules

CMCs:

Cortical Microglia Cells

COX-2:

Cyclooxygenase

Tc:

Cytotoxic T Cells

DCs:

Dendritic cells

DP:

Dopamine

EGCG:

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate

ELAM-1:

Endothelial Leukocyte Adhesion Molecule

elF 2:

Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2

ERK:

Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases

GM-CSF:

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

HBMECs:

Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

HECs:

Human Mammary Cells

Hsp90:

Heat Shock Protein 90

HMECs:

Human Mammary Epithelial Cells

HSAECs:

Human Primary Small Airway Epithelial Cells

HUVECs:

Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

ICAM):

Intracellular Adhesion Molecule

ICAM-1:

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1

ICs:

Immune Cells

iNOS:

Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase

INFLCs:

Inflammatory Cytokine

LOXs:

Lipoxygenases

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

MAPKs:

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase

MCs:

Mast Cells

MC3T3:

E1 Mouse Osteoblastic Cells

MCP-1:

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1

MIECs:

Murine Intestinal Epithelial Cells

MIP-1β:

Macrophage Inflammatory Protein

MMP-2:

Matrix Metalloproteinase-2

MMPs:

Matrix Metallopeptidases

MNGCs:

Mesencephalic Neuron Glial Cells

mPGES-1:

Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1

MPO:

Myeloperoxidase

MSU:

Monosodium Urate

NFAT:

Nuclear Factor Of Activated T-Cells

NK:

Natural Killer

NLGP:

Neem Leaf Glycoprotein

NO:

Nitric Oxide

NOX:

NADPH oxidase

NTP:

Nitro Tyrosine-Protein

PBMCs:

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

PBMCs:

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

PCNA:

Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen

PINFLCs:

Pro-inflammatory Cytokine

PINFLMs:

Pro-inflammatory mediators

PHA:

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

PhI:

Phagocytic Index

PMA:

Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate

PPARs:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors

RA:

Rheumatoid Arthritis

ROS:

Reactive Oxygen Species

SOCS3:

Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3

STAT3:

Signal Transducers And Activators of Transcription 3

TGF-β:

Transforming Growth Factor

TLR4:

Toll-Like Receptor 4

TREM2:

Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2

VCAM-1:

Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1

VEGF-A:

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

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  1. School of Pharmacy, Parul University, P.O. Limda, Ta.Waghodia, 391760, District Vadodara, Gujarat, India

    Vinod Kumar Gurjar

  2. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, 495009, Chhattisgarh, India

    Dilipkumar Pal

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  1. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India

    Dilipkumar Pal

  2. Department of Pharmaceutics, Seemanta Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Mayurbhanj, Odisha, India

    Amit Kumar Nayak

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Gurjar, V.K., Pal, D. (2021). Natural Compounds Extracted from Medicinal Plants and Their Immunomodulatory Activities. In: Pal, D., Nayak, A.K. (eds) Bioactive Natural Products for Pharmaceutical Applications. Advanced Structured Materials, vol 140. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54027-2_6

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