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Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans: Adapting Cell and Molecular Biology to Changes of Metabolism

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Obesity and Diabetes

Abstract

Langerhans published in 1869, the thesis entitled “Contributions to the microscopic anatomy of the pancreas” (translated from German). In a healthy adult man, the islet mass is usually 1–2% of the pancreas mass, and can reach 500,000–1 million islets with 50–250 μm of diameter. Nowadays, at least five types of cells were identified in the pancreatic islets, which are responsible for the secretion of hormones: alpha, beta, delta, PP, and epsilon cells. Although pancreatic progenitor cells can be differentiated from stem cells, progenitor cells treated with some combinations of signaling factors can generate different cell types. Beta-cells are hard to produce, and people should be informed on how important it is to have a healthy lifestyle, in order to avoid exposing beta cells to the toxicity of sustained hyperglycemia. In the future, beta-cell neogenesis could repopulate the injured islets of the diabetic individual.

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There is no conflict of interest in this manuscript.

Funding

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brazil) (CNPq, Grant No 302.920/2016-1 to CAML, and 305.865/2017-0 to MBA), Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Faperj, Grant No E-26/202.935/2017 to CAML, and E-26/202.795/2017 to MBA). These foundations had no interference in the accomplishment and submission of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Morfometria, Metabolismo & Doença Cardiovascular, Centro Biomédico, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Fernanda Ornellas, Iara Karise, Marcia Barbosa Aguila & Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda

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  1. Fernanda Ornellas
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  2. Iara Karise
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  3. Marcia Barbosa Aguila
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  4. Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda
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Correspondence to Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo University Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil

    Joel Faintuch

  2. Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA

    Salomão Faintuch

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Ornellas, F., Karise, I., Aguila, M.B., Mandarim-de-Lacerda, C.A. (2020). Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans: Adapting Cell and Molecular Biology to Changes of Metabolism. In: Faintuch, J., Faintuch, S. (eds) Obesity and Diabetes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53370-0_13

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