Abstract
It would be pertinent to describe the present-day workplace as gender diverse, due to the increasing number of women who are entering, re-entering or remaining in organisations for longer periods of employment, than in previous generations. However, this diversity could at times be ignored in how the different genders are treated in respect of their occupational safety and health (OSH) practices and procedures. Despite the increase in women in the workplace, the ‘norm’ in terms of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and respiratory protective equipment (RPE), for example, focuses still on meeting the average specifications for men, and in particular, white men. This singular purpose extends also to the impact of carcinogens, chemicals, and biological agents on women. Generally, there is an inert acceptance that women are not exposed to the same extent as men to such substances, as there is a perception that they do not work in ‘dangerous’ jobs. As such, more of the research in these areas concentrate on how these substances impact on men. The findings of these studies are extrapolated then to addressing women’s exposure levels, which may not necessarily be the best intervention. The ‘gender neutral’ approach to OSH remains in place. This chapter outlines various good practice examples of gender-sensitive interventions in the workplace. These interventions are drawn from a variety of OSH areas and cover international contexts. The discussion of these include those key lessons to emerge when these interventions have been implemented and will conclude by outlining any observable best practice principles.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Acker, J. (1990). Hierarchies, occupations, bodies: A theory of gendered organizations. Gender and Society, 4(2), 139–158.
Acker, J. (2006). Inequality regimes: Gender, class, and race in organizations. Gender and Society, 20(4), 441–464.
Adler, R. D. (2001). Women in the executive suite correlate to high profits. European project on equal pay. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e5f3/025e7aae2ea096f5fe7cc63f2247183c80de.pdf
Barsh, J., & Yee, L. (2011). Unlocking the full potential of women in the U.S. economy (Special report produced exclusively for the Wall Street Journal Executive Task Force for Women in the Economy). New York: McKinsey. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Business%20Functions/Organization/Our%20Insights/Unlocking%20the%20full%20potential%20of%20women%20at%20work/Unlocking%20the%20full%20potential%20of%20women%20at%20work.ashx
Benach, J., Vives, A., Amable, M., Vanroelen, C., Tarafa, G., & Muntaner, C. (2014). Precarious employment: Understanding an emerging social determinant of health. Annual Review of Public Health, 35, 229–253.
Bendl, R., & Schmidt, A. (2013). Gender mainstreaming: An assessment of its conceptual value for gender equality. Gender, Work and Organization, 20(4), 364–381.
Blustein, D. L., Olle, C., Connors-Kellgren, A., & Diamonti, A. J. (2016). Decent work: A psychological perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 407.
Caglar, G. (2013). Gender mainstreaming. Politics & Gender, 9(3), 336–344.
Council of Europe. (1998). Gender mainstreaming: Conceptual framework, methodology and presentation of good practices. Final report of activities of the group of specialists on mainstreaming, EG-S-MS, 98/2. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. Retrieved from https://www.unhcr.org/3c160b06a.pdf
Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1(Article 8), 139–167. Retrieved from http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclf/vol1989/iss1/8
D’Agostino, M. J. (2015). The difference that women make. Administration & Society, 47(5), 532–548.
Davies, S. E., Harman, S., Manjoo, R., Tanyag, M., & Wenham, C. (2019). Why it must be a feminist global health agenda. The Lancet, 393(10171), 601–603.
Dickens, L. (1999). Beyond the business case: A three pronged approach to equality action. Human Resource Management Journal, 9(1), 5–95.
EIGE. (2011). Good practices in gender mainstreaming: Towards effective gender training. Mainstreaming gender into the policies and the programmes of the institutions of European Union and EU Member States. Lithuania: European Institute for Gender Equality. Retrieved from http://eige.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/Good-Practices-in-Gender-Mainstreaming-towards-effective-gender-training_0.pdf
EIGE. (2019a). What is gender mainstreaming? Retrieved from https://eige.europa.eu/gender-mainstreaming/what-is-gender-mainstreaming
EIGE (2019b). Gender mainstreaming. Good practices. Retrieved from https://eige.europa.eu/gender-mainstreaming/good-practices
EU-OSHA. (2012). Training teachers to deliver risk education – Examples of mainstreaming OSH into teacher training programmes. European Agency for Safety and Health at Work. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Retrieved from https://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/reports/teachers-training-risk-education_TE3111358ENN
EU-OSHA. (2013). New risks and trends in the safety and health of women at work. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. Retrieved from https://osha.europa.eu/en/tools-and-publications/publications/reports/new-risks-and-trends-in-the-safety-and-health-of-women-at-work/view
EU-OSHA. (2014). Mainstreaming gender into occupational safety and health practice. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. Retrieved from https://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/reports/new-risks-trends-osh-women
European Commission. (1998). One hundred words for equality: A glossary of terms on equality between women and men. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Retrieved from https://publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7342d801-86cc-4f59-a71a-2ff7c0e04123/language-en
European Union. (1997). Treaty of Amsterdam amending the Treaty on European Union, the Treaties establishing the European Communities and certain related acts (Treaty of Amsterdam). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Retrieved from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/treaty/pdf/amst-en.pdf
Eveline, J., Bacchi, C., & Binns, J. (2010). Gender mainstreaming versus diversity mainstreaming: Methodology as emancipatory politics. Gender, Work and Organization, 16(2), 198–216.
Ghai, D. (2003). Decent work, concept and indicators. International Labour Review, 142(2), 113–145.
Ginige, K. N., Amaratunga, R. D. G., & Haigh, R. (2007). Improving construction industry image to enhance women representation in the industry workforce. In D. Boyd (Ed.) Proceedings of 23rd Annual ARCOM Conference (pp. 377–385), 3–5 September 2007, Belfast, UK, Association of Researchers in Construction Management. Retrieved from http://www.arcom.ac.uk/-docs/proceedings/ar2007-0377-0385_Ginige_Amaratunga_and_Haigh.pdf
Grosser, K., & Moon, J. (2004). Gender mainstreaming and corporate social responsibility. Reporting workplace issues. No. 27-2004 ICCSR Research Paper Series – International Centre for Corporate Social Responsibility, Nottingham University Business School, Nottingham. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.455.2235&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Gurjao, S. (2006). Inclusivity: The changing role of women in the construction workforce. The Chartered Institute of Building. Retrieved from https://www.ciob.org/sites/default/files/CIOB%20research%20-%20The%20Changing%20Role%20of%20Women%20in%20the%20Construction%20Workforce.pdf
Hawkes, S., & Buse, K. (2013). Gender and global health: Evidence, policy, and inconvenient truths. The Lancet, 381(9879), 1783–1787.
HSE. (n.d.-a). Securing commitment. Retrieved from http://www.hse.gov.uk/stress/standards/securing.htm
HSE. (n.d.-b). Managing risks and risk assessment at work. Retrieved from https://www.hse.gov.uk/simple-health-safety/risk/index.htm
ILO. (2013). 10 Keys for gender sensitive OSH practice – Guidelines for gender mainstreaming in occupational safety and health. Geneva. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/%2D%2D-ed_protect/%2D%2D-protrav/%2D%2D-safework/documents/publication/wcms_324653.pdf
ILO. (2017). Definition of gender mainstreaming. Retrieved from http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/gender/newsite2002/about/defin.htm
Kosny, A., & MacEachen, E. (2010). Gendered, invisible work in non-profit social service organizations: Implications for worker health and safety. Gender, Work and Organisation, 17(4), 359–474.
Lombardo, E., & Mergaert, L. (2013). Gender mainstreaming and resistance to gender training: A framework for studying implementation. NORA – Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, 21(4), 296–311.
Lut, M., & Lombardo, E. (2014). Resistance to implementing gender mainstreaming in EU research policy. In E. Weiner & H. MacRae (Eds.), The persistent invisibility of gender in EU policy (pp. 1–21, Special issue 1, Vol. 18, Article 5). European Integration online Papers (EIoP). Retrieved from http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/2014-005a.htm
Magar, V., Heidari, S., Zamora, G., Coates, A., Simelela, P. N., & Swaminathan, S. (2019). Gender mainstreaming within WHO: Not without equity and human rights. The Lancet, 393(10182), 1678–1679.
Malenfant, R., LaRue, A., & Vézina, M. (2007). Intermittent work and well-being: One foot in the door, one foot out. Current Sociology, 55(6), 814–835.
Masike, R., Bupe, M., & Masiyazi, L. (2014). A gender sensitive framework to safety and health at work. European Scientific Journal, 10(11), 155–168. Retrieved from https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/download/3214/3002
Meier, P., & Celis, K. (2011). Sowing the seeds of its own failure: Implementing the concept of gender mainstreaming. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, 18(4), 469–489.
Moser, C., & Moser, A. (2005). Gender mainstreaming since Beijing: A review of success and limitations in international institutions. Gender and Development, 13(2), 11–22.
Mukhopadhyay, M. (2014). Mainstreaming gender or reconstituting the mainstream? Gender knowledge in development. Journal of International Development, 26(3), 356–367.
Nylén, L., Voss, M., & Floderus, B. (2001). Mortality among women and men relative to unemployment, part time work, overtime work, and extra work: A study based on data from the Swedish twin registry. Occupational & Environmental Medicine, 58(1), 52–57.
ONS. (2015). Changes in the value and division of unpaid care work in the UK: 2000 to 2015. Retrieved from https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/satelliteaccounts/articles/changesinthevalueanddivisionofunpaidcareworkintheuk/2000to2015
ONS. (2016, November 10) Women shoulder the responsibility of ‘unpaid work’. Retrieved from https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/articles/womenshouldertheresponsibilityofunpaidwork/2016-11-10
Page, M. (2011). Gender mainstreaming – hidden leadership. Gender, Work and Organization, 18(3), 318–336.
Parken, A., & Ashworth, R. (2018). From evidence to action: Applying gender mainstreaming to pay gaps in the Welsh public sector. Gender, Work and Organization, 26(5), 599–618.
Rao, A., & Kelleher, D. (2005). Is there life after gender mainstreaming? Gender and Development, 13(2), 57–69.
Rawłuszko, M. (2019). Gender mainstreaming revisited: Lessons from Poland. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 26(1), 70–84.
Rees, T. (2005). Reflections on the uneven development of gender mainstreaming in Europe. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 7(4), 555–574.
Roggeband, C., & Verloo, M. (2006). Evaluating gender impact assessment in the Netherlands (1994-2004): A political process approach. Policy & Politics, 34(4), 615–632.
Rubery, J. (2002). Gender mainstreaming and gender equality in the EU: The impact of the EU employment strategy. Industrial Relations Journal, 33(5), 500–522.
Rubery, J., Ellingsæter, A.-L., Gonzalez, M.-P., Karamessini, M., Ilmakunnas, S., Plasman, R., et al. (1998). Gender mainstreaming in European employment policy. A Report by the European Commission’s Group of Experts on Gender and Employment in the Framework of the Fourth Action Programme for Equal Opportunities for Women and Men. Manchester School of Management. Retrieved from https://research.mbs.ac.uk/european-employment/Portals/0/docs/gendersocial/mainstreaming.pdf
Scala, F., & Paterson, S. (2017). Bureaucratic role perceptions and gender mainstreaming in Canada. Gender, Work and Organization, 24(6), 579–593.
Stratigaki, M. (2005). Gender mainstreaming vs positive action: An ongoing conflict in EU gender equality policy. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 12(2), 165–186.
Trades Union Congress (TUC). (2017). Gender in occupational safety and health. London. Retrieved from https://www.tuc.org.uk/sites/default/files/GenderHS2017.pdf
True, J., & Mintrom, M. (2001). Transnational networks and policy diffusion: The case of gender mainstreaming. International Studies Quarterly, 45(1), 27–57.
United Nations. (1997). General Assembly. Report of the Economic and Social Council for 1997. A/52/3, 18 September 1997. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/documents/ga/docs/52/plenary/a52-3.htm
United Nations - Inter-Agency Committee on Women and Gender Equality. (1999). What Constitutes a ‘Good Practice?’. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/womenwatch/resources/goodpractices/guideline.html
Waddell, G., & Burton, A. K. (2006). Is work good for your health and well-being? Department for Work and Pensions, The Stationery Office, Norwich. Retrieved from http://www.dwp.gov.uk/docs/hwwb-is-work-good-for-you.pdf
Walby, S. (2005). Gender mainstreaming: Productive tensions in theory and practice. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, 12(3), 321–343.
Weiner, E., & MacRae, H. (2014). The persistent invisibility of gender in EU policy: Introduction. In E. Weiner & H. MacRae (Eds.), The persistent invisibility of gender in EU policy (pp. 1–20, Special issue 1, Vol. 18, Article 3). European Integration online Papers (EIoP). Retrieved from http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/2014-003a.htm
Woodward, A. E. (2005). Too late for mainstreaming? Dealing with difference in Brussels. Paper presented to the workshop ‘The future of gender equality in the European Union’ Granada, 14–19 April 2005. ECPR Joint Sessions. European Consortium for Political Research, Colchester, UK. Retrieved from https://ecpr.eu/Filestore/PaperProposal/525bed8f-c421-431d-a432-e19ac32a9051.pdf
World Health Organization. (1998). Gender and health technical paper, 1998. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/docstore/gender-andhealth/pages/WHO%20-%20Gender%20and%20Health%20Technical%20Paper.htm
World Health Organization. (2019). Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Retrieved from https://www.who.int/topics/millennium_development_goals/about/en/
Zwetsloot, G. I. J. M., van Scheppingen, A. R., Bos, E. H., Dijkman, A., & Starren, A. (2013). The core values that support health, safety, and well-being at work. Safety and Health at Work, 4(4), 187–196.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gervais, R.L. (2021). Gender-Sensitive Interventions in the Workplace: Examples from Practice. In: Hassard, J., Torres, L.D. (eds) Aligning Perspectives in Gender Mainstreaming. Aligning Perspectives on Health, Safety and Well-Being. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53269-7_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53269-7_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-53268-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-53269-7
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)