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Embryology of the Pineal Gland

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Pineal Neurosurgery

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Abstract

The pineal gland (epiphysis cerebri) has an important role in the sleep/wake daily cycle (circadian), high melatonin plasma levels at nighttime and very low levels at daytime, and reproductive development. The embryological stages of the pineal gland divide into three which are morphogenic, proliferative, and glandular hypertrophy. Through this chapter we try to present the different investigations that have been made in mammals about new cellular and molecular aspects found in the different stages mainly in the proliferative phase.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Carlos Roberto Huembes Hospital, Managua, Nicaragua

    Alexis Rafael Narváez-Rojas

  2. Pediatric Neurosurgery, “Manuel de Jesus Rivera” Children’s Hospital, Hospital Bautista, Managua, Nicaragua

    Juan Bosco González-Torres

  3. Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Diwaniyah, Iraq

    Ali A. Dolachee

  4. Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq

    Ali Odai Mahmood

Authors
  1. Alexis Rafael Narváez-Rojas
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  2. Juan Bosco González-Torres
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  3. Ali A. Dolachee
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  4. Ali Odai Mahmood
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Neurosurgery Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq

    Samer S. Hoz

  2. University of Al-Qadisiyah, College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Diwaniyah, Iraq

    Ali A. Dolachee

  3. Neurosurgery Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq

    Hayder R. Salih

  4. University of Louisville, Department of Neurological Surgery, Louisville, KY, USA

    Zaid S. Aljuboori

  5. South West Deanery, Department of Neurosurgery, Plymouth, UK

    Wisam D. Selbi

  6. Ludmillenstift Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery & Spine Surgery, Meppen, Germany

    Giath Al-Dayri

  7. Ludmillenstift Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery & Spine Surgery, Meppen, Germany

    Mohammed Maan Al-Salihi

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Narváez-Rojas, A.R., González-Torres, J.B., Dolachee, A.A., Mahmood, A.O. (2020). Embryology of the Pineal Gland. In: Hoz, S.S., et al. Pineal Neurosurgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53191-1_1

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