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Urinary Stone Disease and Nephrocalcinosis

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Pediatric Nephrology

Abstract

A significant increase in the frequency of childhood urinary stone disease has been observed during the last two decades. A recent study observed an increase in the incidence of symptomatic kidney stones from 7.9 per 100,000 children in 1996 to 18.5 per 100,000 in 2007. The highest incidence was observed in females aged 14–17 years. These findings have been replicated by others. The reason for this increase is not clear though many hypotheses have been proposed. Most affected children have idiopathic calcium stone disease while monogenic disorders, sometimes associated with chronic kidney disease, likely account for approximately 10% of pediatric kidney stone cases. Both environmental and hereditary factors significantly contribute to the risk of stone formation. All children with urinary stone diseases deserve a meticulous risk factor evaluation which forms the basis for individualized and targeted treatment of the underlying disorders.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland

    Vidar O. Edvardsson

  2. Landspitali – The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland

    Vidar O. Edvardsson

  3. Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Renal Lab, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    David J. Sas

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  1. Vidar O. Edvardsson
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  2. David J. Sas
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Correspondence to Vidar O. Edvardsson .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatric Specialties, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital – IRCCS, Rome, Italy

    Francesco Emma

  2. Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Stuart L. Goldstein

  3. Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

    Arvind Bagga

  4. Division of Pediatric Nephrology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Carlton M. Bates

  5. Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust and University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK

    Rukshana Shroff

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Edvardsson, V.O., Sas, D.J. (2022). Urinary Stone Disease and Nephrocalcinosis. In: Emma, F., Goldstein, S.L., Bagga, A., Bates, C.M., Shroff, R. (eds) Pediatric Nephrology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52719-8_53

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