Abstract
Progestogens are the basic active agent of hormonal contraception. Three modes of contraceptive action can be distinguished.
-
(a)
A strong antigonadotropic action leading to ovulation inhibition.
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(b)
Thickening of the cervical mucus to inhibit sperm penetration.
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(c)
Desynchronisation of the endometrial changes necessary for implantation.
Progestogens are either used in combined hormonal contraceptives or as progestogen only contraceptives
According to the time of their introduction into the market progestogens in combined hormonal contraceptives are described as first, second, third and fourth generation progestogens.
According to the structure different derivatives from testosterone, progesterone and spironolactone are available.
The differences in the molecular structure determine pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic differential effects which contribute to tolerability and additional beneficial or therapeutic effects.
Progestogen only contraceptives are available as daily oral preparations, monthly injections, implants (2–3 years), and Intrauterine Systems (IUS).
The long acting progestogens are highly effective in typical use and have a very low risk profile.
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Bitzer, J. (2021). Progestogens in Contraception. In: Carp, H.J. (eds) Progestogens in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52508-8_8
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