Abstract
Microplastics are ubiquitous in almost all environments, including freshwater, seawater, and coastal environments. Recently, researches about microplastics have increased due to their serious ecological and health impacts. In this chapter, firstly, the sources of microplastics are summarized. Then, the most important techniques for sampling, extraction, purification, and identification of microplastics are discussed. Next, abundance of microplastics in different aquatic ecosystems around the world is synthesized. According to reviewed publications, the rivers and coasts of East Asia, the Mediterranean Sea, the Portuguese coasts, the rivers of England, and parts of the eastern United States were the most polluted areas. The vast majority of microplastics were composed of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), or polystyrene (PS), and the forms that predominated were fibers, fragments, and pellets. Finally, a brief revision of publications based on sorption of chemicals on microplastics and their effect on freshwater organisms is also reported.
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Godoy, V., MartÃn-Lara, M.A., Almendros, A.I., Quesada, L., Calero, M. (2021). Microplastic Pollution in Water. In: Inamuddin, Ahamed, M.I., Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Water Pollution and Remediation: Organic Pollutants. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, vol 54. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52395-4_1
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