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Anticipative, Incursive and Hyperincursive Discrete Equations for Simulation-Based Cyber-Physical System Studies

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Simulation for Cyber-Physical Systems Engineering

Part of the book series: Simulation Foundations, Methods and Applications ((SFMA))

Abstract

This chapter will present algorithms for simulation of discrete space-time partial differential equations in classical physics and relativistic quantum mechanics. In simulation-based cyber-physical system studies, the main properties of the algorithms must meet the following conditions. The algorithms must be numerically stable and must be as compact as possible to be embedded in cyber-physical systems. Moreover the algorithms must be executed in real-time as quickly as possible without too much access to the memory. The presented algorithms in this paper meet these constraints. As a first example, we present the second-order hyperincursive discrete harmonic oscillator that shows the conservation of energy. This recursive discrete harmonic oscillator is separable to two incursive discrete oscillators with the conservation of the constant of motion. The incursive discrete oscillators are related to forward and backward time derivatives and show anticipative properties. The incursive discrete oscillators are not recursive but time inverse of each other and are executed in series without the need of a work memory. Then, we present the second-order hyperincursive discrete Klein–Gordon equation given by space-time second-order partial differential equations for the simulation of the quantum Majorana real 4-spinors equations and of the relativistic quantum Dirac complex 4-spinors equations. One very important characteristic of these algorithms is the fact that they are space-time symmetric, so the algorithms are fully invertible (reversible) in time and space. The development of simulation-based cyber-physical systems indeed evolves to quantum computing. So the presented computing tools are well adapted to these future requirements.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Hyperincursion and Anticipation in Ordered Systems (CHAOS), CHAOS ASBL, Institute of Mathematics B37, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium

    Daniel M. Dubois

  2. HEC Liège, Université de Liège, 14 Rue Louvrex, 4000, Liège, Belgium

    Daniel M. Dubois

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  1. Daniel M. Dubois
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Correspondence to Daniel M. Dubois .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Architecture and Automation, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    José L. Risco Martín

  2. The MITRE Corporation, Fairborn, OH, USA

    Saurabh Mittal

  3. School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Tuncer Ören

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Dubois, D.M. (2020). Anticipative, Incursive and Hyperincursive Discrete Equations for Simulation-Based Cyber-Physical System Studies. In: Risco Martín, J.L., Mittal, S., Ören, T. (eds) Simulation for Cyber-Physical Systems Engineering. Simulation Foundations, Methods and Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51909-4_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51909-4_9

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-51909-4

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