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The Use of Molecular Methods in Studies of Avian Haemosporidians

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Avian Malaria and Related Parasites in the Tropics

Abstract

During the last two decades, molecular methods to study mitochondrial DNA sequence variation have become an important part in the studies of avian haemosporidians. Up until recently, these methods have primarily been used for identification of the parasites and for tentative phylogenetic reconstructions, allowing researchers not trained in traditional parasitology to compare data across the globe. However, with the introduction of genome and transcriptome sequencing, studies are emerging that go deeper into the genetics and molecular biology of the parasites. In this chapter, we describe and summarize the common methods used for genetic barcoding of the parasites and give an introduction of what to take into account when designing a molecular study of avian haemosporidians. This chapter further discusses why nuclear genetic data are needed in order to answer several important ecological and evolutionary questions and which methods to use in order to overcome the obstacles of obtaining nuclear data of the parasites. Finally, this chapter highlights the challenges and opportunities that come with the use of molecular methods, such as how to study and interpret prevalence, the challenge of aborted developments, and how to obtain data for more robust phylogenies and population structure studies of the parasites.

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Acknowledgment

We are indebted to Gediminas Valkiūnas, Diego Santiago-Alarcon, and Susan L. Perkins for reading earlier versions of this manuscript.

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  1. Department of Biology, Ecology Building, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

    Staffan Bensch & Olof Hellgren

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  1. Staffan Bensch
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  2. Olof Hellgren
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Correspondence to Staffan Bensch .

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  1. Red de Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C. - CONACYT, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico

    Diego Santiago-Alarcon

  2. Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology and Zoology, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Badajoz, Spain

    Alfonso Marzal

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Bensch, S., Hellgren, O. (2020). The Use of Molecular Methods in Studies of Avian Haemosporidians. In: Santiago-Alarcon, D., Marzal, A. (eds) Avian Malaria and Related Parasites in the Tropics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51633-8_4

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