Abstract
Relative to the extant evidence-based parenting, mothering, and co-parenting educational and behavioral parent training programs, very few have been designed incorporating unique characteristics of fathering behaviors, fathering identities, and fathering roles. Using a father-centric perspective, this chapter discusses tailoring and adapting evidence-based behavioral parent training specifically for fathers. The focus is on cognitive and behavioral moderators that can be utilized for adapting curricula and intervention content to be more salient for participating fathers and in turn enhance effectiveness. Adaptive intervention designs are also introduced and illustrated as a rigorous formal way to test modifications to existing programs specifically for fathers.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Almirall, D., & Chronis-Tuscano, A. (2016). Adaptive Interventions in child and adolescent mental health. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 45(4), 383–395. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2016.1152555
Asmussen, K., & Weizel, K. (2010). Evaluating the evidence: Fathers, families and children. National Academy for Parenting Research, King’s College.
Bagner, D. M. (2013). Father’s role in parent training for children with developmental delay. Journal of Family Psychology, 27(4), 650–657. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033465
Bagner, D. M., & Eyberg, S. M. (2003). Father involvement in parent training: When does it matter? Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 32, 337–342. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP3204_13
Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Juffer, F. (2005). Disorganized infant attachment and preventive interventions: A review and meta-analysis. Infant Mental Health Journal, 26(3), 191–216. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.20046
Baumel, A., Pawar, A., Kane, J. M., & Correll, C. U. (2016). Digital parent training for children with disruptive behaviors: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 26(8), 740–749. https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2016.0048
Baumel, A., Pawar, A., Mathur, N., Kane, J. M., & Correll, C. U. (2017). Technology-assisted parent training programs for children and adolescents with disruptive behaviors: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 78(8), e957–e969. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.16r11063
Brotherson, S. E., Dollahite, D. C., & Hawkins, A. J. (2005). Generative fathering and the dynamics of connection between fathers and their children. Fathering, 3(1), 1–28.
Brown, C. H., Ten Have, T. R., Jo, B., Dagne, G., Wyman, P. A., Muthén, B., et al. (2009). Adaptive designs for randomized trials in public health. Annual Review of Public Health, 30, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.031308.100223
Bullard, L., Wachlarowicz, M., DeLeeuw, J., Snyder, J., Low, S., Forgatch, M. S., et al. (2010). Effects of the Oregon Model of Parent Management Training (PMTO) on marital adjustment in new stepfamilies: A randomized trial. Journal of Family Psychology, 24(4), 485–496. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020267
Burns, G., & Patterson, D. R. (2000). Factor structure of the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory: A parent rating scale of oppositional defiant behavior toward adults, inattentive behavior, and conduct problem behavior. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29, 569–577. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2904_9
Cabrera, N. J., Shannon, J. D., & Tamis-LeMonda, C. (2007). Fathers’ influence on their children’s cognitive and emotional development: From toddlers to pre-K. Applied Developmental Science, 11, 208–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888690701762100
Chacko, A., Fabiano, G. A., Doctoroff, G. L., & Fortson, B. (2018). Engaging fathers in effective parenting for preschool children using shared book reading: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 47(1), 79–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2016.1266648
Chacko, A., Jensen, S., Lowry, L., Cornwell, M., Chimklis, A., Chan, E., et al. (2016). Engagement in behavioral parent training: Review of the literature and implications for practice. Clinical Child & Family Psychology Review, 19(3), 204–215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-016-0205-2
Chen, E. M., Gau, M. L., Liu, C. Y., & Lee, T. Y. (2017). Effects of father-neonate skin-to-skin contact on attachment: A randomized controlled trial. Nursing Research and Practice, 2017, 8612024. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8612024
Cookston, J. T., Braver, S. L., Griffin, W. A., De Lusé, S. R., & Miles, J. C. (2007). Effects for the Dads for Life intervention on interparental conflict and co-parenting in the two years after divorce. Family Process, 46(1), 123–137. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2006.00196.x
Cowan, C. P., Cowan, P. A., Pruett, M. K., & Pruett, K. (2007). An approach to preventing coparenting conflict and divorce in low-income families: Strengthening couple relationships and fostering fathers’ involvement. Family Process, 46(1), 109–121. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2006.00195.x
Cowan, P. A., Cowan, C. P., & Knox, V. (2010). Marriage and fatherhood programs. The Future of Children, 20(2), 205–230. https://doi.org/10.1353/foc.2010.0000
DeGarmo, D. S. (2010). A time varying evaluation of identity theory and father involvement for full custody, shared custody, and no custody divorced fathers. Fathering, 8(2), 181–202. https://doi.org/10.3149/fth.1802.181
DeGarmo, D. S., & Forgatch, M. S. (2007). Efficacy of parent training for stepfathers: From playful spectator and polite stranger to effective stepfathering. Parenting: Science and Practice, 7(4), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295190701665631
DeGarmo, D. S., Jones, J., & Rains, L. A. (2019). A pilot study evaluation of Marte Meo for divorced fathers. Journal of Family Therapy, 41(2), 232–250. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.12221
DeGarmo, D. S., & Jones, J. A. (2019). Fathering Through Change (FTC) intervention for single fathers: Preventing coercive parenting and child problem behaviors. Development and Psychopathology, 31(5), 1801–1811. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579419001019
DeGarmo, D. S., Nordahl, K. B., & Fabiano, G. A. (2016). Fathers and coercion dynamics in families. In T. Dishion & J. Snyder (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Coercive Dynamics in Close Relationships: Implications for Development, Psychopathology and Intervention Science (pp. 114–128). Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press.
DeGarmo, D. S., Reid, J. B., Leve, L. D., Chamberlain, P., & Knutson, J. F. (2010). Patterns and predictors of growth in divorced fathers’ health status and substance use. American Journal of Men’s Health, 4(1), 60–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988308329454
Doherty, W. J., Erickson, M. F., & LaRossa, R. (2006). An intervention to increase father involvement and skills with infants during the transition to parenthood. Journal of Family Psychology, 20(3), 438–447. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.20.3.438
Doherty, W. J., Kouneski, E. F., & Erickson, M. F. (1998). Responsible fathering: An overview and conceptual framework. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 60, 277–292. https://doi.org/10.2307/353848
Doucet, A. (2004). “It’s almost like I have a job, but I don’t get paid”: Fathers at home reconfiguring work, care, and masculinity. Fathering, 2(3), 277–303.
Duncombe, M. E., Havighurst, S. S., Holland, K. A., & Frankling, E. J. (2012). The contribution of parenting practices and parent emotion factors in children at risk for disruptive behavior disorders. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 43(5), 715–733. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-012-0290-5
Engelmann, S., & Carnine, D. (1991). Theory of instruction: Principles and applications. Eugene, OR: ADI Press.
Erskine, H. E., Norman, R. E., Ferrari, A. J., Chan, G. C., Copeland, W. E., Whiteford, H. A., et al. (2016). Long-term outcomes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 55(10), 841–850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.06.016
Fabiano, G. A. (2007). Father participation in behavioral parent training for ADHD: Review and recommendations for increasing inclusion and engagement. Journal of Family Psychology, 21(4), 683–693. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.21.4.683
Fabiano, G. A., Chacko, A., Pelham, W. E., Robb, J., Walker, K. S., Wymbs, F., et al. (2009). A comparison of behavioral parent training programs for fathers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Behavior Therapy, 40(2), 190–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.05.002
Fabiano, G. A., Pelham, W. E., Cunningham, C. E., Yu, J., Gangloff, B., Buck, M., et al. (2012). A waitlist-controlled trial of behavioral parent training for fathers of children with ADHD. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 41(3), 337–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2012.654464
Fletcher, R., Freeman, E., & Mathey, S. (2011). The impact of behavioral parent training on fathers’ parenting: A meta-analysis of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program. Fathering, 9(3), 291–312. https://doi.org/10.3149/fth.0903.291
Flippin, M. (2018). Using father-mediated intervention to increase responsive parental behaviors and child communication in children with autism spectrum disorder: A pilot study. Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, 2(S1), 50–50. https://doi.org/10.1017/cts.2018.192
Flouri, E. (2005). Fathering and child outcomes. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
Ford, T., Hutchings, J., Bywater, T., Goodman, A., & Goodman, R. (2009). Strengths and difficulties questionnaire added value scores: Evaluating effectiveness in child mental health interventions. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 194, 552–558. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.052373
Forgatch, M. S., DeGarmo, D. S., & Beldavs, Z. G. (2005). An efficacious theory-based intervention for stepfamilies. Behavior Therapy, 36(4), 357–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80117-0
Frank, T. J., Keown, L. J., Dittman, C. K., & Sanders, M. R. (2015). Using father preference data to increase father engagement in evidence-based parenting programs. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(4), 937–947. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-9904-9
Furlong, M., McGilloway, S., Bywater, T., Hutchings, J., Smith, S. M., & Donnelly, M. (2013). Cochrane Review: Behavioural and cognitive-behavioural group-based parenting programmes for early-onset conduct problems in children aged 3 to 12 years (Review). Evidence-Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal, 8(2), 318–692. https://doi.org/10.1002/ebch.1905
Gearing, R. E., Colvin, G., Popova, S., & Regehr, C. (2008). Re:Membering fatherhood: Evaluating the impact of a group intervention on fathering. Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 33(1), 22–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/01933920701798539
Gewirtz, A. H., Lee, S. S., August, G. J., & He, Y. (2018). Does giving parents their choice of interventions for child behavior problems improve child outcomes? Prevention Science, 19, 589–599. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-018-0865-x
Guterman, N. B., Bellamy, J. L., & Banman, A. (2018). Promoting father involvement in early home visiting services for vulnerable families: Findings from a pilot study of “dads matter”. Child Abuse and Neglect: The International Journal, 76, 261–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.10.017
He, Y., Gewirtz, A., Lee, S., Morrell, N., & August, G. (2016). A randomized preference trial to inform personalization of a parent training program implemented in community mental health clinics. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 6(1), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13142-015-0366-4
Høivik, M. S., Lydersen, S., Drugli, M. B., Onsøien, R., Hansen, M. B., & Nielsen, T. S. B. (2015). Video feedback compared to treatment as usual in families with parent-child interactions problems: A randomized controlled trial. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 9(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-015-0036-9
Homem, T. C., Gaspar, M. F., Seabra-Santos, M. J., Canavarro, M. C., & Azevedo, A. (2014). A pilot study with the incredible years parenting training: Does it work for fathers of preschoolers with oppositional behavior symptoms? Fathering: A Journal of Theory, Research, and Practice about Men as Fathers, 12(3), 262–282. https://doi.org/10.3149/fth.1203.262
Ihinger-Tallman, M., Pasley, K., & Buehler, C. (1995). Developing a middle-range theory of father involvement postdivorce. In W. Marsiglio (Ed.), Fatherhood: Contemporary theory, research, and social policy (pp. 57–77). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Jeynes, W. H. (2015). A meta-analysis: The relationship between father involvement and student academic achievement. Urban Education, 50(4), 387–423. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085914525789
Lamb, M. E. (2004). The role of the father in child development (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Lamb, M. E., & Lewis, C. (2013). Father-child relationships. In C. N. Cabrera & S. Tamis-LeMonda (Eds.), Handbook of father involvement (pp. 135–150). London: Routledge.
Lechowicz, M. E., Jiang, Y., Tully, L. A., Burn, M. T., Collins, D. A. J., Hawes, D. J., et al. (2019). Enhancing father engagement in parenting programs: Translating research into practice recommendations. Australian Psychologist, 54(2), 83–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/ap.12361
Lee, J. Y., Knauer, H. A., Lee, S. J., MacEachern, M. P., & Garfield, C. F. (2018). Father-inclusive perinatal parent education programs: A systematic review. Pediatrics, 142(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-0437
Lee, P. C., Niew, W. I., Yang, H. J., Chen, V. C., & Lin, K. C. (2012). A meta-analysis of behavioral parent training for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 33(6), 2040–2049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2012.05.011
Leidy, M. S., Schofield, T. J., & Parke, R. D. (2013). Fathers’ contributions to children’s social development. In N. J. Cabrera & C. S. Tamis-Lemonda (Eds.), Handbook of father involvement: Multidisciplinary perspectives (2nd ed., pp. 151–167). New York: Routledge.
Lucassen, N., Tharner, A., Van Ijzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Volling, B. L., Verhulst, F. C., et al. (2011). The association between paternal sensitivity and infant-father attachment security: A meta-analysis of three decades of research. Journal of Family Psychology, 25(6), 986–992. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025855
Lundahl, B., Risser, H. J., & Lovejoy, M. C. (2006). A meta-analysis of parent training: Moderators and follow-up effects. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(1), 86–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2005.07.004
Lundahl, B. W., Tollefson, D., Risser, H., & Lovejoy, M. C. (2008). A Meta-Analysis of Father Involvement in Parent Training. Research in Social Work Practice, 18(2), 97–106. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731507309828
Madden-Derdich, D. A., & Leonard, S. A. (2000). Parental role identity and fathers’ involvement in coparental interaction after divorce: Fathers’ perspectives. Family Relations, 49, 311–318.
Magill-Evans, J., Harrison, M. J., Rempel, G., & Slater, L. (2006). Interventions with fathers of young children: Systematic literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 55(2), 248–264. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03896.x
Mauer, T. W., & Pleck, J. H. (2006). Fathers’ caregiving and breadwinning: A gender congruence analysis. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 7(2), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1037/1524-9220.7.2.101
Merikangas, K. R., He, J.-P., Burstein, M., Swanson, S. A., Avenevoli, S., Cui, L., et al. (2010). Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in U.S. adolescents: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication–Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(10), 980–989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2010.05.017
Oblinger, D., Oblinger, J. L., & Lippincott, J. K. (2005). Educating the net generation. Boulder, CO: EDUCAUSE. https://digitalcommons.brockport.edu/bookshelf/272
Panter-Brick, C., Burgess, A., Eggerman, M., McAllister, F., Pruett, K., & Leckman, J. F. (2014). Practitioner review: Engaging fathers-recommendations for a game change in parenting interventions based on a systematic review of the global evidence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55(11), 1187–1212. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12280
Parra-Cardona, J. R., Bybee, D., Sullivan, C. M., RodrĂguez, M. M. D., Dates, B., Tams, L., et al. (2017). Examining the impact of differential cultural adaptation with Latina/o immigrants exposed to adapted parent training interventions. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(1), 58–71. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000160
Parra-Cardona, J. R., Wampler, R. S., & Sharp, E. A. (2006). “Wanting to be a good father”: Experiences of adolescent fathers of Mexican descent in a teen fathers program. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 32(2), 215–231. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2006.tb01601.x
Patterson, G. R. (2005). The next generation of PMTO models. The Behavior Therapist, 28(2), 25–32.
Pelham, W. E., Fabiano, G. A., Waxmonsky, J. G., Greiner, A. R., Gnagy, E. M., Coxe, S., et al. (2016). Treatment sequencing for childhood ADHD: A multiple-randomization study of adaptive medication and behavioral interventions. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 45, 396–415. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2015.1105138
Pfitzner, N., Humphreys, C., & Hegarty, K. (2017). Research review: Engaging men: A multi-level model to support father engagement. Child & Family Social Work, 22(1), 537–547. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12250
Pleck, J. (1997). Paternal involvement: Levels, sources, and consequences. In M. E. Lamb (Ed.), The role of fathers in child development (3rd ed., pp. 66–103). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Polanczyk, G. V., Salum, G. A., Sugaya, L. S., Caye, A., & Rohde, L. A. (2015). Annual research review: A meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56(3), 345–365. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12381
Ramchandani, P. G., Domoney, J., Sethna, V., Psychogiou, L., Vlachos, H., & Murray, L. (2013). Do early father–infant interactions predict the onset of externalising behaviours in young children? Findings from a longitudinal cohort study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(1), 56–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02583.x
Rempel, L. A., Rempel, J. K., Khuc, T. N., & Vui, L. T. (2017). Influence of father-infant relationship on infant development: A father-involvement intervention in Vietnam. Developmental Psychology, 53(10), 1844–1858. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000390
Rosenberg, J., & Wilcox, W. B. (2006). The importance of fathers in the healthy development of children: Child abuse and neglect user manual series. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services, Children’s Bureau.
Salmanian, M., Mohammadi, M. R., Keshavarzi, Z., & Brand, S. (2018). An update on the global prevalence of conduct disorder (2011–2017): Study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 59, 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2018.07.008
Scott, K. L., & Crooks, C. V. (2007). Preliminary evaluation of an intervention program for maltreating fathers. Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 7(3), 224–238.
Scourfield, J., Cheung, S. Y., & Macdonald, G. (2014). Working with fathers to improve children’s well-being: Results of a survey exploring service provision and intervention approach in the UK. Children and Youth Services Review, 43, 40–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.04.009
Shapiro, A. F., Gottman, J. M., & Fink, B. C. (2020). Father’s involvement when bringing baby home: Efficacy testing of a couple-focused transition to parenthood intervention for promoting father involvement. Psychological Reports, 123(3), 806–824. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294119829436
Sicouri, G., Tully, L., Collins, D., Burn, M., Sargeant, K., Frick, P.,... Dadds, M. (2018). Toward father-friendly parenting interventions: A qualitative study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 39(2), 218–231. https://doi.org/10.1002/anzf.1307
Sullivan, O., Coltrane, S., McAnnally, L., & Altintas, E. (2009). Father-friendly policies and time-use data in a cross-national context: Potential and prospects for future research. Annals of the Academy of Political and Social Science, 624, 214–233. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716209335138
Swift, J. K., Callahan, J. L., & Vollmer, B. M. (2011). Preferences. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67(2), 155–165. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20759
Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., Shannon, J. D., Cabrera, N. J., & Lamb, M. E. (2004). Fathers and mothers at play with their 2- and 3-year-olds: Contributions to language and cognitive development. Child Development, 75, 1806–1820. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00818.x
Tully, L. A., Piotrowska, P. J., Collins, D. A. J., Mairet, K. S., Black, N., Kimonis, E. R., et al. (2017). Optimising child outcomes from parenting interventions: Fathers’ experiences, preferences and barriers to participation. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 550. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4426-1
Weber, L., Kamp-Becker, I., Christiansen, H., & Mingebach, T. (2019). Treatment of child externalizing behavior problems: A comprehensive review and meta-meta-analysis on effects of parent-based interventions on parental characteristics. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 28(8), 1025–1036. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-018-1175-3
Webster-Stratton, C., Reid, M. J., & Hammond, M. (2001). Preventing conduct problems, promoting social competence: A parent and teacher training partnership in head start. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 30(3), 283–302. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP3003_2
Webster-Stratton, C., Reid, M. J., & Hammond, M. (2004). Treating children with early-onset conduct problems: Intervention outcomes for parent, child, and teacher training. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 33(1), 105–124. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP3301_11
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
DeGarmo, D.S. (2020). Designing and Tailoring Preventive Interventions for Fathers’ Parenting. In: Fitzgerald, H.E., von Klitzing, K., Cabrera, N.J., Scarano de Mendonça, J., Skjøthaug, T. (eds) Handbook of Fathers and Child Development. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51027-5_40
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51027-5_40
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-51026-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-51027-5
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)