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Carotenoids in Aviculture

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Abstract

Carotenoids are the most numerous and widespread group of pigments in nature. Today, the carotenoid family is known to include more than 1100 natural compounds. Carotenoids play important roles in aviculture, including egg yolk and skin pigmentation as well as supplements to improve breeder performance. Only xanthophylls with high efficacy of transfer from the feed to the egg yolk found their way on the commercial poultry feed market. In fact, in commercial egg production desired egg yolk colour intensity is achieved by using a combination of various (usually, yellow and red) dietary carotenoids. Furthermore, canthaxanthin is proven to be an effective feed additive for poultry breeder nutrition. Among many important biological functions of carotenoids, there participation in building an effective antioxidant defence network could be of vital importance. Indeed, biological value of direct AO activity of carotenoids associated with scavenging ROS is probably not very high. It seems likely that indirect effects of carotenoids on the antioxidant defences via upregulation of Nrf2 and downregulation of NF-κB are a driving force of their beneficial effect in avian species in general and in poultry production in particular. Carotenoid protective effects in chicken/avian embryonic development deserve more attention and warrant further investigation.

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Abbreviations

AO:

Antioxidant

Apo-EE:

β-apo-8′-caroitenoic acid ethyl ester

AX:

Astaxanthin

CoQ:

Coenzyme Q

CX:

Canthaxanthin

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor-kappa B

HO:

Heme oxygenase

HDL:

High density lipoproteins

LPL:

Lipoprotein lipase

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

Nrf2:

Nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2

SOD:

Superoxide Dismutase

TAC:

Total antioxidant capacity

YSM:

Yolk Sac Membrane

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Acknowledgements

Peter F. Surai and Ivan I. Kochish are supported by a grant of the Government of Russian Federation (Contract No. 14.W03.31.0013).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria

    Peter F. Surai

  2. Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K. I. Skryabin, 109472, Moscow, Russia

    Peter F. Surai & Ivan I. Kochish

  3. Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent Istvan University, Gödöllo, 2103, Hungary

    Peter F. Surai

  4. Department of Veterinary Expertise and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sumy National Agrarian University, Sumy, 40021, Ukraine

    Peter F. Surai

  5. Odessa National Academy of Food Technology, Odessa, 65039, Ukraine

    Peter F. Surai

  6. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    Peter F. Surai & Ivan I. Kochish

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  1. Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Eduardo Jacob-Lopes

  2. Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Maria Isabel Queiroz

  3. Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Leila Queiroz Zepka

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Surai, P.F., Kochish, I.I. (2020). Carotenoids in Aviculture. In: Jacob-Lopes, E., Queiroz, M., Zepka, L. (eds) Pigments from Microalgae Handbook. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50971-2_20

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