Abstract
This chapter involves the plasma synthesis of nanoparticulate powders. Using induction-coupled plasma (ICP) is the new way of producing high purity nanopowders on an industrial scale. All this is made possible by TEKNA, the leading producer of nanomaterial synthesizing machines. The concept of plasma synthesis is used quite comprehensively; it encompasses all the processes by which charged particles are kept. Therefore, the topic of this project ranges from high temperature processes and microwave processes to the laser and flame synthesis of nanopowders. For each of the processes discussed in this chapter, the product characteristics are explained. Not only being a means of producing high purity powders, IPS is known for having a clean heat source that lacks induced contaminants assuring high-grade products. This complex technology is based on utilizing high voltage being passed through a coil with a conductor placed in between the coil to produce a large amount of heat at the conductor owing to the effect of electromagnetic induction. With flowing gas being used as the conductor, it will reach high temperature extremes because of ionization of the gas into a plasma. The most common gases used in this system include argon, hydrogen, and oxygen as carriers. The IPS machine uses micron-sized powders as the feed, which is then carried through the system by a carrier gas, commonly argon. These are then ionized together or vaporized to a plasma state, the fourth state of matter at extreme temperatures producing ionized metal, which are then subjected to a quenching gas, ensuring homogenous nucleation. The size of the nanoparticles, ranging from 20 to 100 nm based on several parameters, is to be closely calculated and followed to ensure the desired nanoparticle size outcome. These include: temperature; feed dispersion; gas composition; quenching gas; feed rate; carrier gas; carrier gas temperature; torch temperature; raw material. The particle morphology and distribution of nanopowders were significantly influenced by the powder feed rate, the induction of plasma power, and the volume of the sheath gas. The average particle size monotonously increased with the increase in powder feed rate. The nanopowder distribution became more and more concentrated as the induction plasma power increased. The average size of nanopowder decreased obviously with the increase in H2 proportion.
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Acknowledgement
I would like to heartily thank Dr. Y. Srinivas Rao, chief scientist of the Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, who helped me with the antimicrobial study of plasma-synthesized nano silver. I would also like to thank my machine operator, Vivek Sharma, for being there with me through various trials and experiments. This was all possible because of the blessing of my Mom and Dad, who constantly supported me to be a nanotechnologist. In addition, I would also want to acknowledge my friend, Miss Risha Jain, who constantly kept me motivated during my experiments and trials.
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Nagarajan, V., Sudan, S., Sharma, K. (2021). Radio Frequency Plasma-Based Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Application. In: Patel, J.K., Pathak, Y.V. (eds) Emerging Technologies for Nanoparticle Manufacturing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50703-9_19
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