Abstract
Water scarcity is becoming one of the major concerns for water management on global and catchment scales. This requirs efficient and sustainable management practicies. As water availability varies depending on local hydro-climatic and socio-economic conditions, sustainable water management has to rely on profound information about water security on local sacle and consider the interdisciplinary character of the resource. Hence, this paper aims to develop a general framework for water security assessment at local scales with five dimensions: water availability, water productivity, water-related disaster, watershed health, and water governance. Furthermore, the framework is validated by employing a case study design using the Red River Basin in Vietnam. The climate in Vietnam has tropical characteristics with uneven distribution of rainfall and fluctuated flows across all parts of the territory with significant differences in water availability along the country. In this context, the assessment of water security at local scale is essential for efficient distribution and decision-making. The results indicate that the Red River had a moderate level of water security during a period of 5 years from 2010 to 2015 but with significant spatial differences according to water availability and quality. The average ratio of water use over water availability varies in sub-basins such as in Da, Lo, and Thao Rivers in a range of 0.02–0.04, while those in Red River Delta and Thai Binh River Delta are 0.44 and 0.25, respectively. The average ratio of industrial revenue and agricultural revenue per water supply in overall is 40 USD/m3 and 2.37 USD/m3, respectively. It can be explained that the rainfall patterns change in both space and time, and the catastrophic floods on the Red River Basin have occurred frequently with severe impact on socio-economic activities leading to the differences of water availability. We suggest to develop a new master plan for the management of water resources in the Red River Basin based on the concept of Integrated Water Resource Management and considering spatial and temporal varieties at water availability.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN) for financial support to conduct this research. The authors also would like to thank departments belonging to Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development (MARD); Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (DARD), Provincial Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE), Provincial People’s Committee (PPC) for responding the questionnaire and support for data collection. Especially, many thanks to CUOMO FOUNDATION for financial supporting to authors to present this research at the Conference of Water Security and Climate Change in Cologne in September 2017.
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Dang, N.M., Tu, V.T., Babel, M., Shinde, V., Sharma, D. (2021). Water Security Assessment for the Red River Basin, Vietnam. In: Ribbe, L., Haarstrick, A., Babel, M., Dehnavi, S., Biesalski, H.K. (eds) Towards Water Secure Societies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50653-7_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50653-7_2
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