Abstract
Disease surveillance is an integral component for preventing and controlling any disease or healthcare-associated infections. Surveillance helps clinical practitioners and decision-makers formulate priorities for effective interventions and evaluate their impacts. It helps to answer five important questions related to the diseases of interest: the event itself, event site, time of event, victim/patient, and causal agents. Surveillance can be carried out on active, passive, participatory, or syndromic basis by following eight important steps starting from setting goals to implementing the outcomes. Public health, infectious disease, and chronic disease surveillance are popular these days. Still, most disease surveillance activities in low- and middle-income countries are confined to humans, despite widespread detection and transmission of more than 60% of the emerging diseases by zoonotic pathogens. Pharmacist-maintained pharmaceutical databases have been useful in monitoring and determining the incidence, prevalence, and pattern of both drug-induced and non-drug induced diseases.
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Sapkota, B., Maskey, S., Shrestha, R., Shrestha, S. (2022). Disease Surveillance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. In: Encyclopedia of Evidence in Pharmaceutical Public Health and Health Services Research in Pharmacy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50247-8_44-1
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