Abstract
This chapter examines the current trends in dealing with perpetrators of intimate partner violence and reveals why the existing standardized domestic violence programs that use an accountability modality may be ineffective for Korean male perpetrators. Drawing from affect theory, the chapter pays attention to the role of shame as a precursor to violence. It thus argues that shame, along with its connection to violence, should be a focus and that both a psychoanalytic treatment approach and an accountability modality should be utilized to adequately address intimate partner violence. By applying Jac Brown’s theory to a case study of intimate partner violence, it provides some general guidelines for working with Korean American male perpetrators. Finally, it suggests pastoral strategies for Korean American churches that address intimate partner violence.
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Notes
- 1.
Some programs are affiliated with probation departments and courts, or are located in prisons and jails. According to Saunders, there were over 3246 programs in the United States as of 2016. See Julia C. Babcock, et al., “Domestic Violence Perpetrator Programs: A Proposal for Evidence-Based Standards in the United States,” Partner Abuse, 7, no. 4 (2016): 359.
- 2.
Valeria Condino, et al., “Therapeutic Interventions in Intimate Partner Violence: An Overview,” Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome (RIPPO) 19, no. 2 (2016): 241. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/rippo.2016.241.
- 3.
Linda Mills, Violent partners: A Breakthrough Plan for Ending the Cycle of Abuse. (New York: Basic Books. 2008), 251.
- 4.
Georgia Commission on Family Violence’s Protocol for Batterers Classes, 2019. https://www.biscmi.org/other_resources/docs/georgia.html
- 5.
Eckhardt I. Christopher, et al., “The Effectiveness of Intervention Programs for Perpetrators and Victims of Intimate Partner Violence,” Partner Abuse 4 (2013):198.
- 6.
Natlie Hundt and Dana Holohan, “The Role of Shame in Distinguishing Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence in U.S. Veterans,” Journal of Traumatic Stress 25, no. 2 (2012): 191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.21688
- 7.
June P. Tangney and Ronda Dearing, Shame and Guilt (New York: Guilford Press. 2002), 3.
- 8.
See James Gilligan, Violence: Reflections on a National Epidemic, 1st ed. (New York: Vintage Books, 1997).
- 9.
June P Tangeny, et al.. “Shame into Anger? The Relation of Shame and Guilt to Anger and Self-Reported Aggression,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 62 (1992): 669.
- 10.
Delroy L Paulhus, et al., “Two Replicable Suppressor Situation in Personality Research,” Multivariate Behavioral Research 39 (2004): 301.
- 11.
Tamara J Ferguson, et al., “Guilt, Shame, and Symptoms in Children,” Developmental Psychology 35, no. 2 (1999): 347.
- 12.
David S Bennett, Margaret Wolan Sullivan, and Michael Lewis, “Young Children’s Adjustment as a Function of Maltreatment, Shame, and Anger,” Child Maltreatment 10, no. 4 (2005): 311.
- 13.
The Duluth Model is based on bringing awareness of violent and non-violent control tactics used by the perpetrator of violence and, to a lesser extent, learning skills. Topics that are covered in the Duluth Model include masculinity, healthy relationships, conflict resolution, cultural traditions, anger management, fatherhood skills, criminal sanctions, substance abuse, childhood trauma, and stress. See Ellen Pence and Michael Paymar. Education Groups for Men Who Batter: The Duluth Model. (New York: Springer Publishing. 1993).
- 14.
Jac Brown, “Shame and Domestic Violence: Treatment Perspectives for Perpetrators from Self Psychology and Affect Theory,” Sexual and Relationship Therapy 19, no. 1 (2004): 39–55.
- 15.
Ibid, 51.
- 16.
Ibid.
- 17.
Ibid, 52.
- 18.
Ibid.
- 19.
Ibid, 53.
- 20.
Ibid.
- 21.
See Howells, Kevin, et al., “Anger Management and Violence Prevention: Improving Effectiveness,” Australian Institute of Criminology. (2002). http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.580.4974&rep=rep1&type=pdf
- 22.
Georgia Domestic Violence Fatality Review, 2019. https://gcfv.georgia.gov/annual-stats-facts
- 23.
Marie Fortune, “Forgiveness: The Last Step,” in Abuse and Religion: When Praying Isn’t Enough, ed. Anne L. Horton and Judith A. Williamson (New York: Lexington, 1988): 217.
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Kim, D.D. (2020). Exposing the Shame That Binds Us in Intimate Partner Violence. In: Son, A. (eds) Pastoral Care in a Korean American Context. Asian Christianity in the Diaspora. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48575-7_4
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