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In Situ Real-Time Monitoring Versus Post NDE for Quality Assurance of Additively Manufactured Metal Parts

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Handbook of Nondestructive Evaluation 4.0

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Abstract

In this chapter, the current state-of-the-art of in situ monitoring and in situ NDE methods in additive manufacturing is summarized. The focus is set on methods, which are suitable for making statements about the quality and usability of a component currently being manufactured. This includes methods which can be used to determine state properties like temperature or density, other physical properties like electrical or thermal conductivity, the microstructure, the chemical composition, the actual geometry, or which enable the direct detection of defects like cracks, voids, delaminations, or inclusions. Thus, optical, thermographic, acoustic, and electromagnetic methods, as well as methods being suitable for investigating particle and fume emission are presented. The requirements of in situ monitoring methods with a focus on thermographic methods are discussed by considering different additive manufacturing processes like laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) and direct energy deposition (DED-LB/M). Examples of the successful implementation and applications of such monitoring methods at BAM are given. The in situ monitoring and NDE methods are compared against post-process NDE methods. The advantages and challenges of in situ methods concerning real-time data analysis and the application of AI algorithms are addressed and discussed.

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Acknowledgments

This research was funded by BAM within the focus area Materials.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung, Berlin, Germany

    Christiane Maierhofer, Simon J. Altenburg & Nils Scheuschner

Authors
  1. Christiane Maierhofer
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  2. Simon J. Altenburg
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  3. Nils Scheuschner
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christiane Maierhofer .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA

    Norbert Meyendorf

  2. The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA

    Nathan Ida

  3. Inspiring Next, Cromwell, CT, USA

    Ripi Singh

  4. Vrana GmbH, München, Germany

    Johannes Vrana

Section Editor information

  1. Chemical Materials and Bio Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA

    Norbert Meyendorf

  2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA

    Nathan Ida

  3. Inspiring Next, Plus4Pi LLC, Cromwell, CT, USA

    Ripi Singh

  4. Vrana GmbH, Rimsting, Deutschland, Deutschland

    Johannes Vrana

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Maierhofer, C., Altenburg, S.J., Scheuschner, N. (2021). In Situ Real-Time Monitoring Versus Post NDE for Quality Assurance of Additively Manufactured Metal Parts. In: Meyendorf, N., Ida, N., Singh, R., Vrana, J. (eds) Handbook of Nondestructive Evaluation 4.0. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48200-8_51-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48200-8_51-1

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