Skip to main content

Inter-professional Care: Integration with Exercise Physiologists

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Creating a Lifestyle Medicine Center

Abstract

The US healthcare system has evolved and now assigns greater value to early and sustainable lifestyle and behavioral changes that are associated with better health for the individual and society as a whole. Strategies are being employed to change healthcare systems to focus on primary prevention – a philosophy that is not only cost-effective but also, more importantly, decreases the burden of disease, increases the quality of life, and saves lives (Benjamin, Public Health Rep 126:774–776, 2011). This paradigm shift, from an overwhelming dependence on tertiary prevention that essentially waits for disease to become symptomatic to primordial, primary, and secondary prevention that is oriented to averting disease development and progression, has fomented a culture of interdisciplinary collaboration and patient care. To support this trajectory and fruition of healthcare, the discipline of exercise science figures as an essential and fundamental component in comprehensive care and lifestyle medicine.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

AACVPR:

American Association of Cardiovascular Pulmonary Rehabilitation

ACSM:

American College of Sports Medicine

AHA:

American Heart Association

ASCVD:

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

ASEP:

American Society of Exercise Physiology

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

ECG:

Electrocardiogram

EP:

Exercise physiologist

HCP:

Healthcare professional

MET:

Metabolic equivalent of task

PA:

Physical activity

RPE:

Rating of perceived exertion

References

  1. Benjamin RM. The national prevention strategy: shifting the nation’s health care system. Public Health Rep. 2011;126:774–6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Berryman JW. Exercise and the medical tradition from Hippocrates through antebellum America: a review essay. In: Berryman JW, Park RJ, editors. Sport and exercise sciences: essays in the history of sport medicine. Urbana: University of Illinois; 1992. p. 1–57.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Tipton CM. The history of “Exercise Is Medicine” in ancient civilizations. Adv Physiol Educ. 2014;38:109–17.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Tipton CM, editor. History of exercise physiology. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Tipton CM. Contemporary exercise physiology: fifty years after the closure of Harvard fatigue laboratory. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 1998;26:315–39.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, et al. 2019 ACC/AHA guidelines on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: executive summary. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;74:1376–414.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Jonas S, Phillips EM. ACSM’s exercise is medicine: a Clinician’s guide to exercise prescription. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  8. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Office of Occupational Statistics and Employment Projections. Exercise physiologists. https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/mobile/exercise-physiologists.htm. Accessed on 17 Mar 2020.

  9. World Health Organization. Global recommendations on physical activity for health. Geneva: WHO; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Booth FW, Roberts CK, Laye MJ. Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. Compr Physiol. 2012;2:1143–21.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Zores F, Iliou MC, Gellen B, et al. Physical activity for patients with heart failure: position paper from the heart failure (GICC) and cardiac rehabilitation (GERS-P) Working Groups of the French Society of Cardiology. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2019;112:723–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Moholdt T, Lavie CJ, Nauman J. Sustained physical activity, not weight loss, associated with improved survival in coronary heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71:1094–101.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Simmonds JV, Herbland A, Hakim A, et al. Exercise beliefs and behaviours of individuals with Joint Hypermobility Syndrome/Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome – hypermobility type. Disabil Rehabil. 2019;41:445–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Sharman JE, La Gerche A, Coombers JS. Exercise and cardiovascular risk in patient with hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2015;28:147–58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Treat-Jacobson D, McDermott MM, Bronas UG, et al. Optimal exercise programs for patients with peripheral artery disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019:e10–33. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000623.

  16. Fu Q, VanGundy TB, Galbreath MM, et al. Cardiac origins of the postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55:2858–68.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Peters HP, De Vries WR, Vanberge-Henegouwen GP, et al. Potential benefits and hazards of physical activity and exercise on the gastrointestinal tract. Gut. 2001;48:435–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Aldoori WH, Giovannucci EL, Rimm EB, et al. Prospective study of physical activity and the risk of symptomatic diverticular disease in men. Gut. 1995;36:276–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Wilund KR, Feeney LA, Tomayk EJ, et al. Endurance exercise training reduces gallstone development in mice. J Appl Physiol. 2008;104:761–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Molina-Molina E, Lunardi Baccetto R, Wang DG, et al. Exercising the hepatobiliary-gut axis. The impact of physical activity performance. Eur J Clin Invest. 2018;48:e12958.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Shaw KA, Gennat HC, O’Rourke P, et al. Exercise for overweight or obesity. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006:CD003817. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003817.pub3.

  22. Nelson AE, Allen KD, Golightly YM, et al. A systematic review of recommendations and guidelines for the management of osteoarthritis: the chronic osteoarthritis management initiative of the U.S. bone and joint initiative. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2014;43:701–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Sahni P, Nieves JW. Determining the effects of a 4-week structured strength and flexibility exercise program on functional status of subjects with osteoporosis. HSS J. 2019;15:241–6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Erickson KI, Hillman C, Stillman CM, et al. Physical activity, cognition, and brain outcomes: a review of the 2019 physical activity guidelines. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;51:1242–51.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Herring MP, O’Connor PJ, Dishman RK. The effects of exercise training on anxiety symptoms among patients: a systematic review. Arch Inter Med. 2010;170:321–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Guo LY, Lozinsky B, Yong VW. Exercise in multiple sclerosis and its models: focus on the central nervous system outcomes. J Neurosci Res. 2019;98:509–23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Xu X, Fu Z, Le W. Exercise and Parkinson’s disease. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2019;147:45–74.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Howard VJ, McDonnell MN. Physical activity in primary stroke prevention: just do it! Stroke. 2015;46:1735–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Patel AV, Friedenreich CM, Moore SC, et al. American College of Sports Medicine roundtable report on physical activity, sedentary behavior, and cancer prevention and control. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;51:2391–402.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Boyle T, Keegel T, Bull F, et al. Physical activity and risks of proximal and distal colon cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2012;104:1548–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Kushi LH, Doyle C, McCullough M, et al. American Cancer Society guidelines on nutrition and physical activity for cancer prevention: reducing the risk of cancer with healthy food choices and physical activity. CA Cancer J Clin. 2012;62:30–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Lang JE. The impact of exercise on asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019;19:118–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Ifftikhar IH, Kline CE, Youngstedt SD. Effects of exercise training on sleep apnea: a meta-analysis. Lung. 2014;192:175–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Decision Memo for Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs (CAG-00089R). https://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/details/nca-decision-memo.aspx?NCAId=164&NcaName=Cardiac+Rehabilitation+Programs&DocID=CAG-00089R. Accessed on 17 Jan 2020.

  35. Williams MA, Roitman JL. Guidelines for cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention programs. 5th ed: American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, et al. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4:561–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9 validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16:606–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Ferrans and Powers. Quality of life index: cardiac version. https://qli.org.uic.edu/questionaires/questionnairehome.htm. Accessed on 30 July 2019.

  39. Lobelo F, Rohm Young D, Sallis R, et al. Routine assessment and promotion of physical activity in healthcare settings: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2018;137:e495–522.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Orrow G, Kinmonth AL, Sanderson S, et al. Effectiveness of physical activity promotion based in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2012;344:e1389.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. Sanchez A, Bully P, Martinez C, et al. Effectiveness of physical activity promotion interventions in primary care: a review of reviews. Prev Med. 2015;76(suppl):S56–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Ekelund U, Steene-Johannessen J, Brown WJ, et al. Does physical activity attenuate, or even eliminate, the detrimental association of sitting time with mortality? A harmonised meta-analysis of data from more than 1 million men and women. Lancet. 2016;388:1302–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Hamer M, Chida Y. Walking and primary prevention: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Br J Sports Med. 2008;42:238–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Kyu HH, Bachman VF, Alexander LT, et al. Physical activity and risk of breast cancer, colon cancer, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and ischemic stroke events: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study, 2013. BMJ. 2016;354:i3857.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  45. Sattelmair J, Pertman J, Ding EL, et al. Dose response between physical activity and risk of coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis. Circulation. 2011;124:789–95.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Zheng H, Orsini N, Amin J, et al. Quantifying the dose-response of walking in reducing coronary heart disease risk: meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol. 2009;24:181–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Wahid A, Manek N, Nichols M, et al. Quantifying the association between physical activity and cardiovascular disease and diabetes: a systematic re-view and meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5:e002495.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Biswas A, Oh PI, Faulkner GE, et al. Sedentary time and its association with risk for disease incidence, mortality, and hospitalization in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162:123–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Chomistek AK, Manson JE, Stefanick ML, et al. Relationship of sedentary behavior and physical activity to incident cardiovascular disease: results from the Women’s Health Initiative. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:2346–54.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Patterson R, McNamara E, Tainio M, et al. Sedentary behaviour and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and incident type 2diabetes: a systematic review and dose response meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol. 2018;33:811–29.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Williams MA, Haskell WL, Ades PA, et al. Resistance exercise in individuals with and without cardiovascular disease: 2007update. A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Circulation. 2007;116:572–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Borg GA. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1982;14:377–81.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Young DR, Hivert MF, Alhassan S, et al. Sedentary behavior and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: a science advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;134:e262–79.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mary Ann McLaughlin .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

McLaughlin, M.A., Vera, F. (2020). Inter-professional Care: Integration with Exercise Physiologists. In: Mechanick, J.I., Kushner, R.F. (eds) Creating a Lifestyle Medicine Center. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48088-2_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48088-2_17

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-48087-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-48088-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics